Khan 3799.uhammad Farid (1868–1919) was a successful lawyer who devoted his M
energies and personal fortune to the Nationalist Party formed by Mustafa
Kamil in 1899. He funded the founding of the party’s journal, al-Liwa’, and
took over leadership of the Party upon Kamil’s unexpected demise in 1908.
He left Egypt forever in 1912 after a conviction in absentia for seditious
articles, and spent the rest of his life in Geneva and Berlin. He died in Berlin
in 1919 while a popular revolution was taking place against the Occupation
in Egypt under the leadership of a newly formed party, the Wafd.
- Public Records Office in Kew, UK (henceforth PRO): FO 141/802, 7.
11.mong these expelled students was Shafiq Mansour, one of the men who A
would return from studying law in France to kill Sir Lee Stack, the British
Commander of the Anglo-Egyptian Army, almost fifteen years later.
Another, Ahmad Fouad, would finish his medical studies in Istanbul and
remain there to support the Ottoman Empire against the British during the
First World War. - Quoted in Samir Seikely, “Prime Minister and Assassin: Boutros Ghali and
Wardani,” Middle East Studies XIII (1977): 123. - Al-Muqattam, 25 September 1909.
14.RO: FO 371/1363, Kitchener to Grey, 93. According to Kitchener, there P
were 260 Egyptians studying in England: sixty on government scholarships,
and two hundred at the expense of their families.
15.gyptian Gazette, E 21 February 1910, 3. Madanlal Dhingra had also killed
a man he felt was an enemy of his nation in front of many witnesses at
London’s Imperial Institute. His victim, Sir William Curzon-Wylie, was
political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India and had served in
India itself for many years. Dhingra also claimed that his execution would
inspire the nation to act against the British occupation, an idea Wardani
expressed as well in PRO: FO 141/802, 4.
16.ational Archives of India, Foreign Department (henceforth NAI-FD): N
External B; Jan 1911 #549, 17–18.
17.hmad Fouad Nassar, A Kul Shay’ wa-l-‘Alam, 8 March 1930 (Issue 226).
Wardani, along with Mahmoud Azmi and ‘Abd al–Hamid Sa’id, had just
set up a Young Egypt branch in Paris and was apparently traveling around
Europe on this mission. In London, Dhingra and other “Indian revolution-
aries” had met with their Egyptian friends at the home of Ibrahim Ramzi
to discuss the Suez Canal concession. Nassar misidentifies Dhingra as the
assassin of “Curzon, ruler of India.”