380 Resisting Publics
18.bdal Aziz Jawish (1872–1929), the editor of A al-Liwa’, was sentenced to
three months’ imprisonment for the articles on Dhingra and for an earlier
article on the anniversary of Dinshaway, the site of a British atrocity four
years earlier, in which he had excoriated not just the Occupation but the
Egyptians who had been complicit in it, most particularly Boutros Ghali.
For examples of the authorities’ concerns, see PRO: FO 371/660, letter no.
98, 20 August 1909.
19.RO: FO 371/660, letter no. 98, 20 August 1909. A P h.ashāsh is someone
addicted to hashish.
- Egyptian Gazette, 21 February 1910, 3.
21.alak Badrawi, M Political Violence in Egypt 1910–1925: Secret Societies, Plots,
and Assassinations (London: Curzon, 2000), 65. - Bhikaji Rustom Cama (1861–1936) was posthumously named the “mother
of the Indian revolution.” Born to a wealthy Parsi family, she spent most of
her life in European capitals working on behalf of Indian independence.
She is perhaps best remembered for unfurling a flag designed for a “free
India” at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart in 1907. In
addition to her financial support of Indian nationalist papers, she trav-
eled extensively to lecture about India. Forced by Switzerland to curtail
her activism during the War, she remained an eloquent, if disappointed,
spokesperson for Indian independence until her death.
23.uhammad Farid, M Awraq Muhammad Farid: Mudhakkirati ba‘d al-Hijra
1904 – 1914 (Cairo: al-Haya al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li-l-Kitab, 1978), 210–212.
24.ean Longuet (1876–1938) was a leading French Socialist. A grandson J
of Karl Marx, he headed the SFIO (French Section of the International
Socialist Bureau) and edited the Party’s paper, L’Humanité.
25.hyamaji Krishnavarma (1857–1930) was a major figure in the “extrem- S
ist” Indian movement. He established a boarding house called the India
House which became a nationalist organizing center and where the assassin
Dhingra lived. He also started a monthly journal, Indian Sociologist, to be
the organ of the Indian Home Rule Society. The Sociologist continued even
when Krishnavarma relocated to Paris. He lost his influence in the decade
before World War I, not least because of the closing of India House after the
Curzon-Wylie assassination.
26.ames Keir Hardie (1856–1915) was instrumental in the founding of J
the first British independent labor party in 1882. In 1892 he was elected