The Language of Argument
1 6 3 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s The same method can be used to test argument forms for valid ...
1 6 4 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c conclusion. Thus, this form of argument is not valid, and some arguments ...
1 6 5 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s Two cases are obvious: Both I and E propositions validly con ...
1 6 6 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c Finally, we can see that A propositions also do not always validly conve ...
1 6 7 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s connection between squares and four-sided figures. This link ...
1 6 8 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c Venn Diagrams for syllogisms. In a previous section, we used Venn diagra ...
1 6 9 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s TesTing syllogisms for ValiDiTy. To test the validity of a ...
1 7 0 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c We diagram the conclusion “No circles have sides” as follows: Circles Th ...
1 7 1 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s It is evident that the information in the diagram for the co ...
1 7 2 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c fathers, because we were not given information saying whether anything f ...
1 7 3 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s All M is P. Some S is not M. ∴ Some S is not P. All M is P. ...
1 7 4 C H A P T E R 7 ■ C a t e g o r i c a l L o g i c than explicitly asserted. We do not feel called on to say many things th ...
1 7 5 V a l i d i t y f o r C a t e g o r i c a l A r g u m e n t s NOTES (^1) We say “not always” rather than simply “not,” bec ...
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1 7 7 III H o w t o E v a l u a t e A r g u m e n t s : I n d u c t i v e S t a n d a r d s Previous chapters have been concerne ...
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1 7 9 8 Arguments To and From Generalizations This chapter begins our investigation of inductive arguments by distinguishing the ...
1 8 0 C H A P T E R 8 ■ A r g u m e n t s T o a n d F r o m G e n e r a l i z a t i o n s Here we have drawn an inductive infere ...
1 8 1 I n d u c t i o n v e r s u s D e d u c t i o n give to the conclusion. Because inductive strength and inductive arguments ...
1 8 2 C H A P T E R 8 ■ A r g u m e n t s T o a n d F r o m G e n e r a l i z a t i o n s and unobserved—past, present, and futu ...
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