4 9 5Note: Page numbers followed by letter n indicate footnotes.I N D E X
a priori probability, 216, 244–245
abduction, 213
abortion
analogical arguments, 392–394
begging the question, 325–326
conditions of personhood, 388–389
conflicting principles, 390–391
contraception objection, 417–418
fetus, status of, 385–386, 388–390,
392–394
“future like ours,” 410–411
Marquis on, 409–420
moral reasoning and, 384–391
pro-choice argument, 387–392
pro-life argument, 385–387
rape and incest, 387–388, 392–393
Reagan on, 390, 395
self-defense exception, 386–388,
392, 490
slippery slope arguments, 283,
389–391
Thomson on, 392–394, 400, 408
violinist analogy, 392–394
Abortion and the Conscience of the
Nation, 395
Abraham and Isaac, story of, 462–463
absurdity, reduction to, 337–340
abusive assurances, 49
acceptance of premises, 184–185
acid rain, 234
ad hominem arguments
assessment of, 310–311
definition, 308–309
deniers, 309–310
dismissers, 310
genetic fallacy, 311
inconsistency over time, 311
self-sealers, 328–332
silencers, 309–310Adam, 457
adversarial situation, 68
advertisements, 77, 320
affirmative action, 298–299, 364–365
affirmative propositions, 155
affirmatives, universal, 155
affirming the consequent, 428
affirming a disjunct, 126
agnostics, 499
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 79–80
al Qaeda, 320
“all,” 157
“although,” 51
ambiguity, 83, 291–295. See also
fallacies of ambiguity
ampersand, 115
amphiboly, 293
analogical reasoning in ethics,
392–393
analogy, arguments from, 204–214
abortion and, 392–394
cannibalism and, 210–211
conclusions, 206
explanations, 207
God and, 212
importance, 205
relevance, 205
relevant disanalogies, 206
in science, 204–205
analogy with animals argument,
414–415
“and” in propositional logic, 114–115.
See also conjunctions
animals argument, analogy with,
414–415
anomalies, 428
antecedents, 43, 135, 138, 144
appeal to cases argument, 412–414
appeals to authority, 10, 64, 314–31897364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 495 15/11/13 12:50 PM
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