4 9 7I n d e xcannibalism, 210–211
capital punishment
begging the question, 325
as cruel and unusual punishment,
105–110
English parliamentary debate on, 337
slippery slope arguments, 245
Carroll, Lewis, 18
Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 307
cases, appeal to, 412–414
categorical forms, 154–162
categorical immediate inferences,
164–165
categorical logic, 151–174
categorical propositions, 152–154
classical theory, 161
contradictories, 159–160
existential commitment, 161–162
four basic forms, 154–159
immediate inferences, 164–166
vs. propositional logic, 151–152
syllogism, 166–175
translation into basic categorical
forms, 156–159
validity for categorical arguments,
162–175
categorical propositions, 152–154
categorical syllogisms, 166–175
causal explanation, 216
causal generalizations, 216
causal prediction, 216
causal reasoning, 215–238
background, 227–228
background assumptions, 11, 99,
191, 227, 229–230, 233
concomitant variation, 234–238
conditionals and, 216
joint test, 222–224
Legionnaires’ disease example,
230–234
necessary condition test, 217–219,
221–224
normality, 228–229
reaching positive conclusions,
226–228
rigorous testing, 225–226, 229
sufficient condition test, 217–226
causal slippery slope arguments,
285–289certainty, 244
chain of reasoning, 86–87
chances. See probability
changing the subject, 32
Chicago Tribune, 186
choices. See decision procedure;
decisions under ignorance;
decisions under risk; decisions
under uncertainty
Churchill, Winston, 41
circular reasoning, 324, 327
circularity, 323–324
civil law, 355
claims, universal, 334
clarification of terms in argument re-
construction, 83–85, 102
classical theory
contradictories in, 166
existential commitment, 161–162
immediate inferences, 164
vs. modern logic, 174
clerk hire allowance, 59–79, 285
Clinton, Bill, 74–75, 333
close analysis, 59–102
argument markers, 62–63, 72, 86
argument reconstruction, 102
argumentative performatives, 62
assuring, 81
audience, 71
discounting, 62–63
evaluative language, 69, 72
guarding, 62, 64–65, 67, 81–82
labeling argumentative
devices, 62
purpose, 71
rhetorical devices, 62
standpoint, 71
cognitive psychology, 241–242
Colbert, Stephen, 298, 305, 311,
320–321, 342, 349n1, 426, 448n2
Columbia, 79–80
combinations, 250
commitment, level of, 49
common knowledge, 229–230
common law, 357
composition, fallacy of, 344
conceptual slippery slope arguments,
280–283
conclusion markers, 42–4397364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 497 15/11/13 12:50 PM
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