The Language of Argument

4 9 8

I n d e x

conclusions

argument markers, 42–43

argument reconstruction, 102

arguments from analogy, 204–213

arranging subarguments, 85–90

clarification of terms, 83

in deep analysis, 79–81

definition, 3

explanations and, 7, 10–11

fallacies of relevance, 307, 310–311

fallacies of vacuity, 323–326

fallacies of vagueness, 275, 279–282

false, 99, 119–120, 128, 130

guarding, 49–50

in inductive vs. deductive

arguments, 179–183, 185

inferences to the best explanation,

196–197, 199

justifications and, 4–6, 10–11

positive, 226–228

probability and, 239–240, 244

refutation, 333–334, 337–338, 343, 346

soundness and, 94

in standard form, 46

statistical applications, 189–191

suppressed premises and, 96–98

syllogisms and, 166–174

truth and, 93

universal, 183

validity and, 91–94, 144, 162–164

concomitant variation, 234–238

conditional probability, 247, 257

conditionals, 43–45, 134–150

biconditionals, 146–147

causal reasoning and, 216–217

indicative, 44, 64, 135, 145

logical language and everyday

language, 142–148

probability and, 247, 257

propositional, 43–45, 135, 137,

140, 145

subjunctive, 135

truth tables for, 136–142

conflicts of moral principles, 384,

390–392

conjunctions, 52, 114–129, 142,

247–248

connectives. See propositional

connectives

Conoco, Inc., 74–76, 89–90

consequents, 43, 135

conservative explanations,

199–200

considered judgment argument,

411–412

Constitution, 105–108, 356–357,

361–362, 426

Consumer Reports, 204

context, crucial, 200–201

contextual definitions, 305n4

contingent facts, 97–99

continuum, 280

contraception objection, 417–418

contracts, law of, 28

contradictories, 159–160

convention, and language,

17–19

conversational acts, 28–35

and evaluative language, 54

as a practical activity, 28

rules of, 31–33. See also

conversational rules

conversational exchange, 28

conversational implications, 33–35,

36, 44, 52

conversational rules, 39n6. See also

manner, rule of; quality, rule

of; quantity, rule of; relevance,

rule of

Grice on, 33, 36–37, 307

rhetorical devices and, 36–37

specific rules, 31–33

violations of, 80, 122

conversion, 164–166

Cooperative Principle, 31

correlations, 234–236

counterevidence, 201

counterexamples, 336–337

Craig, William Lane, 450–456, 458

creationism, 332. See also evolution,

theory of

crimes, worst of, argument,

411–412

criminal law, 354

criminal trials, 10–13

cruel and unusual punishment,

105–108

Curley, Edwin, 450, 456–463

97364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 498 15/11/13 12:50 PM

some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materiallyCopyright 201^3 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights,

affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.