4 9 9I n d e xDaalen, D.H. van, 454
Darwin, Charles, 332, 427–446. See
also evolution, theory of;
natural selection, theory of
Darwin’s Black Box (Behe), 442, 444
Davies, Paul, 453
Davies, P.C.W., 452
death penalty. See capital punishment
decision procedure, 140
decisions under ignorance, 268–272
decisions under risk, 268
decisions under uncertainty, 268
deductive arguments
categorical logic, 151–175
definition, 93–94
vs. inductive arguments, 179–183
legal reasoning and, 355
propositional logic, 111–150
refutation by parallel reasoning,
343–349
sufficient and necessary conditions,
220–221, 227–228
deep analysis, 79–110
arrangement of subarguments,
85–90
of capital punishment, 105–108
chain of reasoning, 86–88
clarification of terms, 83
dissection of argument, 83–85
guarding, 81–82
linguistic principles, 99–100
reconstruction method, 102–104
standard form in, 79–82
suppressed premises, 96–104
deep counterexample, 335
defeasible, 181, 221, 198
“Defense of Abortion, A” (Thomson),
392–393
Defense of Marriage Act, 80
definitions, 299–305
contextual, 305n4
dictionary, 300
disambiguating, 293, 300–301
precising, 301–302
stipulative, 301
systematic or theoretical, 302–303
degenerate cases, 175n1, 175n2
deniers, 309–310
denying the antecedent, 138–139depth of explanation, 198
descriptive terms, 56
Dewey, Thomas, 186–187
diagnostic test, 258–259
dictionary definitions, 300
diminishing marginal utility, 267
diminishing marginal value, 267
Dirksen, Everett, 281
disagreements, moral, 383–384
disambiguating definitions, 293,
300–301
disappearing guard, 51
disaster avoidance rule, 271
discounting, 48, 51–53, 62–63, 65–66,
69–70
discounting, universal, 330
discounting connectives, 51–52
discrimination, law of, 361–380
application of the Constitution,
362–363
Bakke case, 364–369, 375–376
Brown v. Board of Education,
354–355, 364
Equal Protection Clause, 361–362
Gratz v. Bollinger, 375–380
Grutter v. Bollinger, 369–374, 378
Korematsu v. United States, 363
Plessy v. Ferguson, 340, 357–363
Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 368
Strauder v. West Virginia, 362
strict scrutiny test, 363–364,
381–382
United Steelworkers of America v.
Weber, 368
U.S. v. Cruikshank, 362
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 357–362
discriminatory effect, 359–360
discriminatory motive, 360
disjunction, 122, 126, 142
disjunction with exclusivity, 132–134,
248–250
disjunctive syllogism, 125
dismissers, 310
dissection of the argument, in deep
analysis, 83–85
distress sale policy, 368
dominance, rule of, 269
domino arguments, 285
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 46197364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 499 15/11/13 12:50 PM
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