5 0 1I n d e xfallacies of vacuity, 323–332
begging the question, 324–328
circularity, 323–324
self-sealers, 328–332
fallacies of vagueness, 275–289
heaps, 278–280
slippery slopes. See slippery slope
arguments
uses of unclarity, 275
fallacy of affirming the consequent,
424
fallacy of composition, 344
fallacy of hasty generalization, 185
false alarms, 254, 258
false dichotomies, 341–342
false negatives, 258
false positives, 254, 258
falsifiable, 199
falsification of data, 316–317
fear, appeals to, 320
Federal Communications
Commission, 368
Feinberg, J., 420
Feldman, F., 417
fetus, status of, 385–386, 388–390,
392–394. See also abortion
First Amendment, 426
Five Minute Whodunits (Smith),
108–110
“Five Reasons to Believe in God”
(Craig), 450–456
Flew, Antony, 331–332
FLO theory, 410–418
analogy with animals argument,
414–415
appeal to cases argument, 412–414
argument from interests, 415–416
considered judgment argument,
411–412
contraception objection, 417–418
future like ours, 410–411
potentiality objection, 415
problem of equality, 416–417
worst of crimes argument, 412
following from, 91, 113. See also validity
“for” in arguments, 42
formal analysis of arguments, 113–114
forms, argument. See argument form
forms, categorical, 154–162Fourteenth Amendment, 361–362
Franklin, Benjamin, 96–97
Fraser, David W., 238n2
fraternities, 72–74
fraud, 317
free will, 460–461
freedom, 460–461
Freud, Sigmund, 312, 329–330
fundamental rights, 363
Furman v. Georgia, 106
“future like ours”. See FLO theoryGallup poll, 186–187
gambler’s fallacy, 239–241
“garden path sentences,” 20
Geller, Uri, 315
general conditional, 216
generalizations, 179–193
causal, 216
induction vs. deduction, 179–183
statistical, 183–188
statistical applications, 189–193
genetic code, as condition of
personhood, 388–389
genetic fallacy, 311–314
Gillie, Oliver, 317
Gilovich, Thomas, 261n3
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 369–370, 378
“Gnawing Question Is Answered,
A” (Downey), 210–212
God. See also religious reasoning
Abraham and Isaac story, 462
agnostics on, 449
arguments from analogy, 212–213
atheists on, 340
complex order of universe, 452
existence of, 450–455
Flew on, 331–332
Job and, 314
as known and experienced, 455
objections to belief in, 456–460
objective moral values, 453
origin of the universe, 451–452
predestination, 457, 459, 462
resurrection of Jesus, 454
going upstairs, 330
Gordon, Mary, 395–396
Gould, Stephen Jay, 31797364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 501 15/11/13 12:50 PM
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