The Language of Argument

5 0 3

I n d e x

inferences

arguments from analogy,

204–213, 358

to the best explanation, 195–204

initial conditions, 8

innocent until proven guilty, 381

insinuations, 50

insufficient reason, rule of, 269

intelligence, inheritance of,

316–317

intelligent design, 426, 438. See also

creationism

interests, argument from, 415–416

Iran, 79–80, 90

Iraq, 13–15

Iraq war, 341

irony, 36, 69

Isaac and Abraham, story of, 462

Japanese Americans, 363

Jastrow, Robert, 453

Jesus Christ, 454

Job, 314

Johnson, Luke, 455

joint test, 222–224

Jones, John E. III, 426

Journal of Molecular Evolution, 437

justifications, 4–7, 10–13, 196–197

Kahneman, Daniel, 261n1

Kamin, Leon, 317

Kennedy, Anthony, 373, 375

Kenny, Anthony, 451

Kitcher, Philip, 426, 440–448

Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School

District, 426

knowledge, 98, 228–229, 231–232, 300,

425, 444

Korematsu v. United States, 363

Kremer, Jacob, 454

Kuhn, Thomas, 448n1

Kyl, Representative, 59–72,

87–88, 285

Landon, Alf, 186–187

Land’s End advertisement, 77

language, 17–39, 41–57. See also

arguments; evaluative language

argument markers, 41–44,

62–63, 70

assuring, 48–49, 62–66, 69–70,

81–82

convention and, 17–19

conversational acts, 28–35

discounting, 48, 51–53, 62–63,

65–66, 69–70

evaluative, 54–57

guarding, 48–51, 62, 65–68, 70,

81–82

if-then statements, 43–45, 135

linguistic acts, 17, 19–22, 26, 39n1

logical vs. everyday, 142–148

of probability, 243–244

rhetorical devices, 36–38, 62, 353

speech acts, 22–28

large numbers, law of, 240

legal reasoning, 353–382

burden of proof, 354, 381–382

components of, 354–361

law of discrimination, 361–380

questions of fact, 354–355, 383

questions of law, 355–361

Legionnaires’ disease example,

230–234

legislative intentions, 356

legitimate and compelling state

interest, 363

level of commitment, 49–50

Lincoln, Abraham, 19

linguistic acts, 17, 19–22, 26, 39n1

linguistic principles, 99–100

Literary Digest, 186–187

“Living with Darwin” (Kitcher),

440–447

locutionary act, 39n1

logic. See categorical logic;

propositional logic

“Logic and Conversation” (Grice),

39n6

logical language, 142–145

logically equivalent, 165

London, 320

lotteries, 263–264, 266–267

Ludemann, Gerd, 455

lung cancer, 237

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