5 0 8I n d e xconceptual slippery slope
arguments, 280–282
domino arguments, 285
fairness, 282–284
parade of horrors, 67, 285
Smith, Stan, 108–110
smoking, 237
“so” in arguments, 44, 86
socialism, 85
sophistry, 67
sorites argument, 278
sororities, 72–74
soundness, 94
specialized knowledge, 229
speech acts, 22–28
evaluative language and, 54–57
fail to come off, 27
vs. linguistic acts, 26
performatives, 23–27
types of, 26–28
void, 27
Spinoza, Benedict de, 450
Squad Helps Dog Bite Victim and Other
Flubs from the Nation’s Press,
294–295
standard form of arguments, 7–8, 45–46,
79–82. See also argument form
standard science, 423–425
standpoint, 59, 71
Stanwick, Thomas P., 108–109
stare decisis, 357
state action, 362
state interest, 363
statistical applications, 189–193
statistical generalizations, 183–188
acceptance of premises, 184–185
biased sampling, 186–187
prejudice/stereotypes, 187–188
sample size, 185–186
statistical syllogism, 193n1. See also
statistical applications
statutes, 355–356
Stewart, John, 288
Stewart, Potter, 106
“still” in arguments, 52
stipulative definitions, 301
Stradonitz, Kekule von, 312
Strauder v. West Virginia, 362
straw men, 52, 64–65, 341–343strength, as inductive standard,
180–182
strict scrutiny test, 363–364, 381, 382
Studies in the Way of Words (Grice),
39n6
subarguments, arrangement of,
85–90, 102
subject, changing, 32
subject term, 164, 167
substitution instance, 115–116
sufficient condition test (SCT),
225–226, 228
application of, 231–232
causal reasoning, 217–221
as rigorous test, 234–235
sufficient conditions, 217–219
suppressed premises, 96–104. See also
premises
argument reconstruction, 102–103
and circularity, 324
contingent facts, 97–99
enthymeme, 97
evaluative, 100–101
reconstruction method, 102–103
uses and abuses of, 100–102
suspect classification, 363
syllogisms, 166–175
definition, 167
disjunctive, 125
probabilistic version of, 193n1
problems in applying theory of,
173–175
testing for validity, 169–173
Venn diagrams for, 168
symbols
ampersand, 115
horseshoe, 137
therefore, 7–8, 46
tilde, 123
wedge, 122
syntactic ambiguity, 293
syntactic conventions, 21
syntactic rules, 20
System of Logic, A (Mill), 328
systematic definitions, 302–303tangents, 79–80
target feature, 22097364_index_ptg01_495-512.indd 508 15/11/13 12:50 PM
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