Armstrong – Table of Contents

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  1. In 1919, he demonstrated by epidemiological and laboratory proof that
    commercially canned ripe olives had induced severe and fatal botulism.
    The result was that the California olive packers spent several hundred
    thousand dollars in studying and revamping their canning methods in
    such a way that the danger from this product was eliminated.

  2. In 1920, he described an influenza epidemic in an isolated island
    community, clarified the method of spread and the characteristics of
    immunity.

  3. In 1922-1923, he helped control a typhus outbreak among Navajo
    Indians in New Mexico.

  4. In 1925-1927, he demonstrated methods for eliminating tetanus
    following smallpox vaccination. In 1925, he demonstrated that a
    number of cases of post-vaccination tetanus were attributable to the
    employment of bunion pads as vaccination dressings. Tetanus spores
    were found in the glue of such pads. In 1927, he demonstrated on
    epidemiological grounds that post vaccination tetanus peculiar to the
    United States was always confined to primary vaccinations that were
    covered with some sort of shield or dressing strapped to the vaccination
    site. Experiments showed that the vaccine intentionally seeded with
    tetanus spores permitted the development of tetanus only if the site was
    covered by some sort of occlusive dressing strapped to the vaccination
    site or if the vaccination was administered in a traumatic fashion.
    Elimination of vaccination dressings and discontinuation of the

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