Sexual Abuse: Children
The Balkans (D∆amna Duman) .............................................................................................. 735
The Caucasus and Turkey (Mary Ellen Chatwin) .................................................................... 736
Iran (Manijeh Daneshpour) .................................................................................................... 737
South Asia (Shamita Das Dasgupta) ........................................................................................ 738
Shah Bano Affair
Overview (Zoya Hasan) .......................................................................................................... 741
Social Hierarchies. Modern
East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific (Etin Anwar) .......................................... 745
Gulf and Yemen (Mandana Limbert) ...................................................................................... 748
North Africa (Jamila Bargach) ................................................................................................ 749
Stereotypes
Afghanistan (Arpita Basuroy) .................................................................................................. 752
Canada (Patricia L. Kelly Spurles) .......................................................................................... 753
South Asia (Sabiha J. Hussain) ................................................................................................ 755
The United States: Arab Muslim Women as Portrayed in Film (Jack G. Shaheen) .................... 757
Western Europe (Valérie Amiraux) .......................................................................................... 759
Sufi Orders and Movements
The Balkans (Amila Buturovic) ................................................................................................ 761
Egypt (Valerie J. Hoffman) ...................................................................................................... 762
North Africa (Margaret J. Rausch) .......................................................................................... 764
Turkey, South Asia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, the Caucasus, the Arab East
(Marcia Hermansen) .......................................................................................................... 766
The United States (Marcia Hermansen) .................................................................................... 770
Western Europe (Gritt Klinkhammer) ...................................................................................... 772
Umma
Overview (Ahmad Dallal) ........................................................................................................ 775
Women’s Rights: Male Advocacy
Overview (Elizabeth Frierson) ................................................................................................ 779
Women’s Studies Programs in Muslim Countries
The Caucasus and Turkey (Hande A. Birkalan-Gedik) ............................................................ 783
Central Asia (Dinara Alimdjanova) ........................................................................................ 785
Iran (Farideh Farhi) ................................................................................................................ 786
Women’s Unions and National Organizations
Afghanistan (Mana Kia) .......................................................................................................... 788
Iran (Mana Kia) ...................................................................................................................... 789
Turkey (Ömer Çaha) .............................................................................................................. 790
Youth Culture and Movements
Iran (Farideh Farhi) ................................................................................................................ 792
North Africa (including Egypt) (Jamila Bargach) .................................................................... 793
Turkey (Leyla Neyzi) .............................................................................................................. 794
The United States (Kristine Ajrouch) ........................................................................................ 795
Western Europe (Annalisa Frisina) .......................................................................................... 798
Zoroastrian Women
Overview (Katayun Mazdapour) ............................................................................................ 800
Indices to Volume II
Name Index ............................................................................................................................ 805
Subject Index .......................................................................................................................... 828
contents xiii