“New Woman” to the creation and reproduction of
a uniform citizenry (Kandiyoti 1991). In 1935 the
Turkish Women’s Association, obeying the advice
of the regime, abolished itself on the ground that it
had achieved its end (suffrage). The corporatist ide-
ology of the state denied the existence of class and
other sectoral interests in the body politic and con-
trolled not only the women’s movement but also
the worker’s associations, cultural clubs, and so
on. However, control of women and their bodies
assumed a specific character. A utilitarian approach
seeking to mobilize the creative powers of women
for the benefit of the whole nation was prevalent
and this well served the corporatist/solidarist ideol-
ogy of the regime. Now that the “overwhelming
father,” the Ottoman state, who had “long kept the
creativity of the Turk under pressure and hindered
his coming of age” was no longer there (Bora
1997), the New Man of the republic was obliged to
obey the nation-state, whereas the New Woman in
her turn was to obey the New Man. This compli-
ance on women’s part would, more or less, last
until the new feminist movement of the late 1980s
when women started to critically evaluate the
Turkish experience of modernizing nationalism.570 political regimes
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