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Hande A. Birkalan-GedikCentral Asiatajikistan
In Tajikistan, gender studies were launched in- For the first time sociological research focused
on gender roles within the family and the sources of
gender inequality. Studies have looked at women’s
participation in entrepreneurship and women’s
central asia 785legal status and local legislation on gender equality
have been examined. The results of sociological
research were published in a series of brochures
called Women in Transition in Tajikistan. A statis-
tical and analytical study of modern gender statis-
tics was conducted and published in the collection
Gender Statistics in the Republic of Tajikistan, in
addition to the statistical collections on Women
and Men in Tajikistanand Family and Children in
the Republic of Uzbekistan. In 1999, Gender and
Culture, a textbook, was published for high school
students through the activities of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs). The government approved
a program entitled “The Direction of Government
Policy on Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities
for Women and Men, 2001–2010.”turkmenistan
The issues of gender development in Turkme-
nistan have become integral to government policy.
A National Action Plan on the Advancement of
Woman was drafted with the United Nations as
follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on
the Advancement of Woman (Beijing 1995) and the
results of its implementation are detailed in the
Report on Implementation of the National Action
Plan 2000. Also in 2000 the National Statistical
Institute of Turkmenistan (NTISF) prepared a Re-
view of the National System of Collection, Analy-
sis, and Distribution of Data on Population and
Reproductive Health. In 2001 NTISF published
Gender Aspects of Socioeconomic Indicators. Mate-
rials from the seminar “Gender Equality in Com-
pliance with Turkmenistan’s Constitutions and
Legislation” were published in 2002. Among the
materials from the International Summer School
(“Gender Studies in Central Asia”) was a course on
“Gender in the Economy.” This course was designed
by the faculty members of the Turkmenistan State
University and the Women’s Resource Center. Ac-
cording to the brochure “Gender Studies and Gen-
der Awareness in Turkmenistan: Problems of Higher
Education” the university students of law and busi-
ness and management attended a special 14-hour
course on “Gender and Economics.”kyrgyzstan
In Kyrgyzstan the international environment
stimulated public awareness of the concept of gen-
der in the second half of the 1990s. Ideas about gen-
der appear in all government programs. Among
them are “Development Strategy for the Kyrgyz
Republic to 2010”; “National Plan for the Devel-
opment of Education in the Kyrgyz Republic to