Section Twomatch.”^27 Indeed, Daniel Yankelovich and Bernard Lefkowitz
predicted some time ago that employee loyalty toward
employers would decline.^28 There is ample evidence that levels
of loyalty have probably declined on both sides, along with
shifts in some other fundamental work-related values.
However, decreased loyalty is probably not a unique
characteristic of younger workers. In a survey, 57 percent of
the respondents indicated that they were “less loyal to their
employers than they were five years ago.”^29 Reasons for
declining loyalty include executives’ receipt of large bonuses
during cutbacks and perceived lack of concern on the part of
management for the welfare of employees. Indeed, there has
been a growth of cynicism in the workforce, probably resulting
from such factors as excessive focus on the bottom line to the
exclusion of other values and lofty executive salaries.^30
An understanding of trends in other work values,
particularly those of younger workers, is critical to
understanding the future human resource environment. One
study of work values analyzed data collected from a survey of
high school students and young, newly hired male smelter
workers and female telephone operators. The study found that
high school students tended to place greater emphasis on
extrinsic values than the recently hired employees. Conversely,
the recently hired employees placed greater value on the
intrinsic aspects of work. These employees had strong values of