Section Twonew entity will have to resort to layoffs. Conversely, if a
company is successful in fending off a takeover, personnel
layoffs are generally required to pay the costs of the defensive
actions.^86
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
Many of the major demographic trends for the future are
relatively well known. Nonetheless, these massive changes in
demography have important implications for human resource
management. Major changes include an aging workforce, the
baby boom age glut, the baby bust labor shortage, increased
racial diversity, and greater feminization of the workforce.
These developments, particularly the variations in growth
across different age cohorts, will have major implications for
the career potential of individual workers. Planning will be
necessary to avoid age bulges, age gaps, and surpluses in job
categories or job families.^87