Section Fourestimated that replacements eventually have to be hired for
10 to 20 percent of the employees who were laid off.^64
After all alternatives have been exhausted and there is no
other alternative, layoffs sometimes become unavoidable. To
enhance the likelihood of success, downsizing should be viewed
more systematically. Typically, downsizing strategies must be
accompanied by changes in other factors that have an impact
on organizational efficiency, such as the design of the
organization and elimination of redundancies.^65 Some key
findings about the conduct of downsizing are presented in
Table 4-1.