22 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
City or metropolitan regiona
Source
ENERGY
Electrical line
losses
Gasoline use from sales dataGasoline use
scaled
Gasoline use from model or traffi
c counts
Aviation: all fuels loaded at airportsAviation: all domestic; intl LTO only
Marine: all fuels loaded at ports
Portland
Hillman and Ramaswami
2010
✓✓ ✓ ✓*
Seattle
Hillman and Ramaswami
2010
✓✓ ✓ ✓*
Toronto
Kennedy and others 2009 ✓✓ ✓ ✓ neg.
Washington, DC
DC Dept. of Health 2005 ✓ ????
Latin America
Mexico City
Secretaria del Medio
Ambiente 2000
✓? ✓
Rio de Janeiro
Dubeux and La Rovere 2007 ✓✓ ✓ ✓
São Paulo
SVMA 2005 ✓? ✓✓
Asia
Bangkok
Kennedy and others 2009 ✓✓ ✓
Beijing
Dhakal 2009 ✓✓ ✓
Delhi
Mitra, Sharma, and Ajero
2003
✓ ????
Kolkata
Mitra, Sharma, and Ajero
2003
✓ ????
Seoul
Dhakal 2004 ✓ ????
Shanghai
Dhakal 2009 ✓✓ ✓
TABLE 2.2, continued