GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION BASELINES ■ 25

2009; Ramaswami and others 2008). Th ese emission baselines refl ect the meth-

odologies employed and emissions sources considered. Th erefore, the base-

lines are presented either with or without emissions from industrial processes

(which may be incomplete),^1 waste (where methods diff er), and aviation and

marine (which is subject to debate).

Overview of National, Corporate, and Subnational

GHG Inventorying Procedures

Th e IPCC (2006) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories are the

international standard for national reporting under the the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Th e guidelines describe

procedures for determining annual (calendar year) inventories of more than 10

categories of GHG emissions (and removals) that occur as a result of human activ-

ities. Th e aim with national inventories is to include GHG emissions that occur

within the territory and off shore areas under each nation’s jurisdiction, although

some special issues are found with transportation emissions, as discussed later.

Emissions are categorized under fi ve broad sectors: Energy; Industrial Processes

and Product Use; Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use; Waste; and Others

(which includes precursor and indirect N 2 O emissions).

Marine: inland or near-shore (12 mile) only

Railways

Biofuels (fuel wood, dung

cakes)

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

AFOLUWASTE

Landfi

ll: scaled

from national

data

Landfi

ll: EPA

WARM modelLandfi

ll: total

yield gas

Waste-waterUPSTREAM

FUELS

EMBODIED FOOD OR MATERIALS

✓✓? ✓ ✓? ✓ ✓#

0.1 percent and hence not reported; ‡ = AFOLU and waste emissions for Delhi and Kolkata are given in
Sharma, Dasgupta, and Mitra (2002); § = includes only aviation emissions within the urban region;

= also includes electricity.

a. See table 2.1 for defi nitions.