Core, belt and parabelt areas of the auditory cortex
Jones (NM I no. 30), Tramo et al. (NM II no. 15).
Hemispheric differences: Spectral and temporal processing
Schönwiesner et al. (NM II no. 9).
Parallel pathways
Jones (NM I no. 30).
Auditory brain stem responses
Wong (NM III no.19), Strait (NM III no. 30), Kraus (NM III no. 79).
Fast responses to complex music
Bigand et al. (NM II no. 46), Bigand et al. (NM III no. 33).
Musical expression
De Poli (NM I no. 9), Sloboda et al. (NM II no. 25).
Chills: Strong emotional experiences
Blood & Zatorre (2001), Grewe et al. (NM II no. 49), Grewe et al. (NM III no. 51).
Mirror neuron systems
Chen et al. (NM III no. 1), Fadiga et al. (NM III no. 66).
Widely distributed neural systems
Janata et al. (NM II no. 12), Tramo et al. (NM II no. 15), Grahn (NM III no. 2).
Many of these findings have been included in the common knowledge of auditory neuroscience, in
particular results concerning pitch, areas of the auditory cortex, hemispheric differences, parallel
pathways, and chills (Brodal 2010; Koelsch, Siebel & Fritz, 2010; Altenmüller & Schlaug, 2012).
Some investigations are closely related to current trends in neuroscience, such as research on mir-
ror neuron systems and distributed neural systems.
3.4.1. Research problems.
As pointed out in he present chapter, various research problems can be identified in papers present-
ed at the conferences NM I, NM II, and NM III. Themes for discussion are the questions of ecological
validity and cultural references.
Ecological validity
The ecological validity of a music listening study indicates its relevance for music listening in a re-
al-life context.
The common use of artificial stimuli in neuroscientific studies raises the question whether the find-
ings of the reported experiments imply validity for acoustic sounds and real music.
This question was posed in critical comments in the conference reports, and a number of studies
have investigated the differences between responses to artificial and acoustic stimuli.