Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

60S

. Bernardi et al.
(417-

421)

Rhythm cueing of cognitive functions

Cat. 4: Rhythm Cat. 10: Training

61S

. Brandes et al.
(422

-425)

Music programs to remedy burnout Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 12: Therapy

62S

. Forsblom et al.
(426

-430)

Music listening in stroke rehabilitation

Ca

t. 11: Deficit

Cat. 12: Recovery

63S

. Norton et al.

(431

-436)

Melodic intonation therapy

Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 12: Therapy

To investigate the interaction between rhythm cueing and cognitive programming of complex actions in a patient suffering from ideomotor apaxia (IA), an impairment of high

-level voluntary motor

control

To test whether specially designed receptive m

usic

programs and protocols might reduce the symptoms of burnout

syndrome

To gain more insight into the therapeutic role of mus

ic

listening in stroke rehabilitation

To gain insight in the effect of Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) on language recovery in patients with nonfluent aphasia

Rhythm cueing consisting of an isochronous metronome

• 
  

like square wave tone. The speed of r

hythm was changed

flexibly with the training CR: Neutral Recorded music:

Two specifically designed music programs, P1 and P2, called Individualized Music-Focu

sed Audio Therapy

(I- MAT). Plus a program consisting of unspecific nature sounds (PN)

. CR: W

estern

Recorded music:

Music selected by patients

CR: Western, Western traditional, Western popular

Singing short phrases, from

2-3 to 5 or

more syllables, on

two pitches matching the phrases’ natural prosody

CR: Neutral

A 32 year

-old woman,

suffe

ring from a hemiparesis,

was asked to learn complex novel motor sequences involving the left upper llmb, with or without rhythm cueing

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Participants, suffering from burnout. listened fo a program twice daily for 30 min,

5 days per week, for 5

weeks. P1: n=45. P2 n=40. PN n= 26. Control gr

ou

p n=39

Two interview studies.

1) 20 patients listened to self

• 
  

selected music at least 1 hour a day for 2 months. 2) A participatory action research study involving nurses

The patient repeats words and phrases sung by the therapist.

Individual training

sessions, instituting the use of Inner Rehearsal

and

Auditory

-Motor Feedback

Training

To compare efficiency of training

with or without rhythm

cueing

Comparison of music intervention groups P1 and P2 with Placebo group PN and Control group, a waiting list group which received no lisening program during the intervention period

Interviewing stroke patients about the subjctive emotions and cognitions evoked by music listening, and nurses about the clinical use of music listening

Inner Rehearsal:

Slowly

tapping the patient’s hand while humming the melody, hen sofly sing the words.

Auditory

-Motor Feedback

Training:

Patients listen as the

therapist sings the target, and learn

to compare their own

out

put as they repeat the

phrases

Both sets of training increased the patient’s accuracy, but rhythm cueing was significantly more effective

Two specific music programs significantly reduced burnout symptoms after 5 weeks. The effects were maintained over a long time period Results sug

gest that m

usic

listening can be used to relax, improve mood, and provide both physical and mental activation during the early stages of recovery from stroke

We share observations and addition

s to the protocol that

aim to enhance MIT’s benefit, and the rationale that supports them