Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.04 Survey of

The Neurosciences and Music I

V

Conference 2011

Learning and Memory

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

23. Peter Pfordresher
    Effects of musical training on the role of auditory feedback during music performance
    Cat. 10: Training
    Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

24. Amir Lahav
    Seeing what you hear and hearing what you do: audiovisual interactions in music learning and rehabilitation
    Cat. 10: Learning
    Cat. 16: Audiovisual
    25. Caroline Palmer
    Contextual influences on performers’ memory retrieval processes
    Cat. 8: Musicians
    Cat. 14

: Memory

26. María Herrojo Ruiz
    Error prediction and action control during piano performance in healthy and dystonic pianists
    Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

To discuss research concerning the importance of auditory feedback, the sounds one creates, to performance. Specifically to consider the basis of audio

-motor

associations that lead to effects of altering auditory feedback

To

describe studies of how

the action

-recognition

system

responds to sound in the

context of music learning a

nd

rehab

ilitation

I describe a formal, graded model of distributed contextual memory retrieval of real

-time music performance,

based on the primary feature of incremental planning

To present findings that shed new light on the neural mechanisms which might implement motor prediction by means of forward control processes, as they function in healthy pianists and in their altered form in patients with musician’s dystonia

Two groups of non

-musicians

were trained to play piano music by ear; one grou

p

received uninterrupted audiovisual feedback, while the other group only heard, but could not

see their hand

on the keyboard

A series of experiments with highly skille

d and less skilled

performers in which the model accounts for patterns of serial orderi

ng errors,

speed/accuracy tradeoffs, etc.

EEG studies of the neural underpinnings of error detection during the

retrieval

of music from memory

Recent results challenge the

notion that auditory

-motor

associations in music perform

ance are based on

learn

ed, task

-specific

associations. These may have a more abstract basis, general

to a broad range of

motor tasks

fMRI studies with a similar task support the hypothesis of a “hearing

• doing” neural

system that is highly dependent on the individual’s motor repertoire and gets established rapidly

Performers have access to a subset of contextual sequence events that have formed strong inter

• 
  

connections, during practice, with the event currently being performed

A negative event

-related

potential (ERP) triggered

in

the posterior frontomedial cortex (pFMC) 70 ms before performance errors (i

ncorrect

keypress) was reported

Recent research suggests that the neural network

underlying auditory

-motor

associations includes the inferior frontal gyrus and the cerebellum

, both of which

serve a broad rang

e of motor

and perceptual tasks

Subjects who were deprived of visual information showed significantly poorer auditory recognition of pitches from the

musical piece they had learned

Model applications account for memor

y activation that is

distri

buted incrementally

among tones

This ERP component,

termed

pre

-error related negativity

(preERN),

was assume

d to

reflect processes of error detection in advance. The present paper aims to examine that interpretation and addre

ss further

questions