Figure 3.1. The lobes, sulci and gyri of the brain.
The figure shows the surface of the left cerebral hemisphere. The brain lobes are separated by sul-
ci.^3 Between the sulci, the surface of the cortex forms rounded gyri.
Four brain lobes can be distinguished. The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the
parietal lobe. The temporal lobe lies below the lateral sulcus. The occipital lobe is not clearly demar-
cated on the surface of the cortex.
The superior temporal gyrus includes the auditory cortex and the speech area known as Wer-
nicke’s area. The inferior frontal gyrus includes the speech area known as Broca’s area.
(Brodal 2010:90)Current methods in neuroscience
The neuroscience papers refer to current measurement and neuroimaging methods.
The following abbreviations are frequently used:
EEG: Electroencephalography. The recording of electrical activity in the brain, measured by a set of
electrodes placed on the scalp.
ERP: Event-Related Potentials measured by EEG. An ERP is the brain response to a specific stim-
ulus, such as a sound or a tone. As the electrical signal is weak, it is necessary to repeat a stimulus
many times and calculate the average response.
3 According to medical terminology, the singular and plural forms are sulcus/sulci; gyrus/gyri; nucleus/nuclei.