Handbook of Meat Processing

(Greg DeLong) #1
Thermal Processing 181

thermal denaturation of proteins in beef muscle.
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation
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Boles , J. A. , and P. J. Shand. 2008. Effect of muscle
location, fi ber direction, and slice thickness on the
processing characteristics and tenderness of beef stir -
fry strips from the round and chuck. Meat Science 78 :
369 – 374
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fi nal temperature affect processing characteristics of
beef semimembranosus muscle. Meat Science
62 : 107 – 112.
Boles , J. A. , and J. E. Swan. 2002b. Meat and storage
effects on processing characteristics of beef roasts.
Meat Science 62 : 121 – 127.
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susceptibility, and fi nal end point of cooking on
the sensory, physical, and chemical properties of
pork loin chops. Journal of Animal Science
69 : 2865 – 2870.
Bouton , P. E. , P. V. Harris , and W. R. Shorthose. 1976.
Dimensional changes in meat during cooking. Journal
of Texture Studies 7 : 179 – 192.
Bouton , P. E. , P. V. Harris , and W. R. Shorthose. 1982.
The effect of temperature and ultimate pH on the
increase in meat toughness resulting from restraint
during cooking. Meat Science 6 : 235 – 241.
Buck , E. M. , A. M. Hickey and J. Rosenau. 1979. Low -
temperature air oven vs a water bath for the prepara-
tion of rare beef. Journal of Food Science
44 : 1602 – 1605.
Calkins , C. R. , and J. M. Hodgen. 2007. A fresh look at
meat fl avor. Meat Science 77 : 63 – 80.
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Pastorelli , and L. M. Chiesa. 2002. Effects of dietary
fats on meat quality and sensory characteristic of
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Salvatori. 1999. Infl uence of dietary Vitamin E sup-
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meat quality and Vitamin E status. Journal of Animal
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Davey , C. L. , and A. F. Neiderer. 1977. Cooking tender-
izing in beef. Meat Science 1 : 271 – 276.
Drummond , L. S. , and D. - W. Sun. 2006. Feasibility of
water immersion cooking of beef joints: Effect on
product quality and yield. Journal of Food Engineering
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Farmer , L. J. , and R. L. S. Patterson. 1991. Compounds
contributing to meat fl avour. Food Chemistry
40 : 201 – 205.
Fjelkner - Modig , S. 1986. Sensory properties of pork, as
infl uenced by cooking temperature and breed. Journal
of Food Quality 9 : 89 – 105.
Fox , J. B. , and R. C. Benedict. 1987. Role of heme pig-
ments and nitrite in oxidative processes. In Warmed -
Over Flavor of Meat , edited by A. J. St. Angelo and
M. E. Bailey. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press.
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Swift. 1967. Cured color development during frank-
furter processing. Food Technology 21 : 386 – 392.

Low retention of retinol, thiamin, and ribo-
fl avin was seen in earth - oven - cooked meat
compared with microwave - cooked meat. The
difference in vitamin retention could be due
to a higher cooking temperature of earth -
oven cooking compared with microwave
cooking. Riccio et al. (2006) observed that
cooking, in general, produced a decrease in
the B vitamins content, both under mild (70 –
90 ° C) and severe (120 ° C) conditions. These
researchers found that after 5 minutes of
cooking at 100 ° C, all B vitamins analyzed
were not detectable in the homogenized
boiled ham without fortifi cation.
Rhee et al. (1993) reported that samples
lower in fat had a lower retention level of
thiamin, ribofl avin, and B 12. These samples
lost more of their weight in water, which
resulted in the loss and destruction of more
B vitamins then in ground meat that pos-
sessed higher fat contents.
Overall mineral retention is better than
vitamin retention (Rhee et al. 1993 ). The
overall retention of minerals in cooked meat
has been reported to be between 84% and
90% (Rhee et al. 1993 ).


References

Al - Khalifa , S. Abdulrahman , and A. A. Dawood. 1993.
Effects of cooking methods on thiamin and ribofl avin
contents of chicken meat. Food Chemistry
48 : 69 – 74.
Barbut , S. , A. Gordon , and A. Smith. 1996. Effect of
cooking temperature on the microstructure of meat
batters prepared with salt and phosphate. Lebensm. -
Wiss. u. - Technol. 29 : 475 – 480
Beilken , S. L. , P. E. Bouton , and P. V. Harris. 1986.
Some effects on the mechanical properties of meat
produced by cooking at temperature between 50 ° and
60 ° C. Journal of Food Science 51 : 791 – 796.
Bendall , J. R. , and D. J. Restall. 1983. The cooking of
single myofi bre bundles and muscle strips from beef
M. psoas and M. sternomandibularis muscles at
varying heating rates and temperatures. Meat Science
8 : 93 – 117.
Bengtsson , N. E. , B. Jakobsson , and M. Dagerskog.
1976. Cooking of beef by oven roasting: A study of
heat and mass transfer. Journal of Food Science
41 : 1047 – 1053.
Bertola , N. C. , A. E. Bevilacqua , and N. E. Zaritzky.
1994. Heat treatment effect on texture changes and

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