Handbook of Meat Processing

(Greg DeLong) #1

76 Chapter 3


Enterobacteriaceae , and Escherichia coli O157 at
various steps in commercial beef processing plants.
Journal of Food Protection 67 ( 4 ): 658 – 665.
Arthur , T. M. , T. L. Wheeler , S. D. Shackelford , J. M.
Bosilevac , X. Nou , and M. Koohmaraie. 2005. Effects
of low - dose, low - penetration electron beam irradia-
tion of chilled beef carcass surface cuts on Escherichia
coli O157:H7 and meat quality. Journal of Food
Protection 68 ( 4 ): 666 – 672.
Arthur , T. M. , N. Kalchayanand , J. M. Bosilevac , D. M.
Brichta - Harhay , S. D. Shackelford , J. L. Bono , T. L.
Wheeler , and M. Koohmaraie. 2008. Comparison of
effects of antimicrobial interventions on multidrug -
resistant Salmonella , susceptible Salmonella, and
Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Avens , J. S. , S. N. Albright , A. S. Morton , B. E. Prewitt ,
P. A. Kendall , and J. N. Sofos. 2002. Destruction of
microorganisms on chicken carcasses by steam and
boiling water immersion. Food Control 13 ( 6 – 7 ):
445 – 450.
Aymerich , T. , P. A. Picouet , and J. M. Monfort. 2008.
Decontamination technologies for meat products.
Meat Science 78 ( 1 – 2 ): 114 – 129.
Bacon , R. T. 2005. Physical decontamination strategies
for meat. In Improving the Safety of Fresh Meat ,
edited by J. N. Sofos , pp. 318 – 349. New York : CRC
Press.
Bacon , R. T. , K. E. Belk , J. N. Sofos , R. P. Clayton , J.
O. Reagan , and G. C. Smith. 2000. Microbial popula-
tions on animal hides and beef carcasses at different
stages of slaughter in plants employing multiple -
sequential interventions for decontamination. Journal
of Food Protection 63 ( 8 ): 1080 – 1086.
Bacon , R. T. , J. N. Sofos , K. E. Belk , and G. C. Smith.
2002a. Application of a commercial steam vacuum
unit to reduce inoculated Salmonella on chilled fresh
beef adipose tissue. Dairy, Food and Environmental
Sanitation 22 ( 3 ): 184 – 190.
Bacon , R. T. , J. N. Sofos , K. E. Belk , and G. C. Smith.
2002b. Commercial application of lactic acid to
reduce bacterial population on chilled beef carcasses,
subprimal cuts and table surfaces during fabrication.
Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 22 ( 9 ):
674 – 682.
Bacon , R. T. , J. N. Sofos , K. E. Belk , D. R. Hyatt , and
G. C. Smith. 2002c. Prevalence and antibiotic suscep-
tibility of Salmonella isolated from beef animal hides
and carcasses. Journal of Food Protection 65 ( 2 ):
284 – 290.
Bacon , R. T. , J. R. Ransom , J. N. Sofos , P. A. Kendall ,
K. E. Belk , and G. C. Smith. 2003a. Thermal inactiva-
tion of susceptible and multiantimicrobial - resistant
Salmonella strains grown in the absence or presence
of glucose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology
69 ( 7 ): 4123 – 4128.
Bacon , R. T. , J. N. Sofos , P. A. Kendall , K. E. Belk , and
G. C. Smith. 2003b. Comparative analysis of acid
resistance between susceptible and multi - antimicro-
bial - resistant Salmonella strains cultured under sta-
tionary - phase acid tolerance - inducing and noninducing
conditions. Journal of Food Protection 66 ( 5 ): 732 –
740.

essential oils, nisin, and lactoferrin, which
also meet the demands of consumers for
more natural products. Such emerging anti-
microbial treatments, in combination with
good hygiene practices and effi cient control
measures during slaughtering (such as
decontamination interventions), may further
enhance meat safety. However, further
research is needed in order to evaluate the
effect of such interventions on the sensory
properties of foods and the feasibility of their
application on an industrial scale. Furthermore,
prior to application of novel decontamination
strategies, the potential of such interventions
to induce microbial resistance through adap-
tation should also be considered.


References

Acuff , G. R. 2005. Chemical decontamination strategies
for meat. In Improving the Safety of Fresh Meat ,
edited by J. N. Sofos. New York & Washington, D.C. :
CRC Press.
Anderson , M. E. , and R. T. Marshall. 1989. Interaction
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Arthur , T. M. , J. M. Bosilevac , X. Nou , S. D. Shackelford ,
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