Forensic medicine and human identification 67
(Figures 5.10 to 5.13) are commonly used as identifying characteristics, espe-
cially when they are distinct in either nature or location, for instance, a scar
from a burn or an injury, a keloid, or a unique tattoo. Birthmarks or nevi
(moles) are often distinct and can be used for identification. The presence,
location, and number of piercings may also be helpful.
Occupational stigmata, though more commonly used decades ago, may
also be revealed during an external examination. Subungal hematomas
involving the great toes are common in dancers and athletes. Onycholysis can
Figure 5.6 massive head trauma severely limiting visual identification.
Figure 5.7 Jewelry found on a skeleton that was used to assist in identification.