Ur, Penny. 2010. Teacher, is it OK to say ‘she come’? Paper presented at the Third
International Conference of English as a Lingua Franca. Vienna, May 22.
Walker, R. 2010. Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Wallerstein, N. 1983. Language and Culture in Conflict: Problem-posing in the ESL
Classroom. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
Widdowson, H. G. 1994. ‘The ownership of English.’ TESOL Quarterly 28/2: 377–
89.
(^1) Although Graddol (2006) suggests that other languages such as Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish may increasingly
play a role as international languages.
(^2) Languages other than English are spoken in these countries, of course, and sometimes English is only spoken as
a native language by a minority of the citizens. For example, Crystal (2003) estimates that only about 10 percent
of South Africans are native speakers of English.
(^3) This lesson is based on Elsa Auerbach’s presentation at the School for International Training (SIT) on October
18, 1993, entitled “Participatory Approaches: Problem-Posing and Beyond.” We have also drawn from Carolyn
Layzer and Bill Perry’s workshop at SIT on May 28, 1993 and Auerbach (1992).