that are performed within a social context.Generative words: from Freire’s work in literacy education, words that are important
to the people in their community, which are used to teach basic decoding and
coding skills.
Genres: different types of language texts, e.g. poetry or scientific writing.
Globalization: the expansion of businesses internationally.
Grammaring: an approach to teaching grammar that treats grammar as an ability to
use grammar structures accurately, meaningfully, and appropriately, rather than as a
set of static rules to be applied (Larsen-Freeman 2003).
Graphic organizer: a diagram used by teachers to help students organize and
remember new information.
Human computer™: in Counseling-Learning/Community Language Learning, the
student chooses which aspect of language to practice and controls how much to
practice it. The teacher repeats correctly what the student says as often as the
student desires.
i + 1: language that is just in advance of students’ current level of language
proficiency (‘i’).
Inductive grammar teaching: the teacher gives students examples with a particular
grammar structure. The students figure out the rule.
Infantilization: Desuggestopedia teachers consciously create an environment in which
students can release their fears and become ‘childlike’ in their classroom
interactions.
Information gap: an activity where not all the information is known by all the
participants. They have to share the information they have in order to complete the
activity.
Inner criteria: students develop their own inner criteria for correctness—to trust and
to be responsible for their own production in the target language (Gattegno 1972).
Input enhancement: promoting students’ noticing of a particular language feature,
such as putting in boldface type a particular structure in a reading passage.
Input flooding: promoting students’ noticing by using particular language items with
great frequency.
Language for academic purposes: language studied so as to be able to participate
successfully in academic contexts.
Language for specific purposes: language studied in order to participate in a specific
activity or profession, e.g. German for business purposes.
Learning strategies: ‘the techniques or devices which a learner may use to acquire