Direct Method 33
Grammar-Translation method 18literacies (concept of) 168
literature, foreign:
importance of 13, 17, 19
using passages for teaching 13–14, 20–1Littlewood, W. 122
Long, M. xii, xiii, 150, 151, 153, 157, 191
Lortie, D. ix, xi
Loschky, L. 150, 159
Lozanov. G. 71
Luke, A. 168
managers of learning, teachers as 230–1
maps, lesson using 25–8
Marsh, D. 133
McCarthy, M. 213
McNamara, T. 227
meaning, focus on 157, 175
meaning, negotiation of 121, 127, 207
meaningful:
language 61, 138, 140, 175, 176, 177, 201, 229
tasks 149, 156, 159memorization:
Audio-Lingual method 35, 46
Grammar-Translation method 18, 19, 22mental exercise, language learning as 13, 18, 19
metacognitive learning strategies 186
‘method’, definition of term xvi, 1
methodological change 219–21
methodological innovation 181
methods fatigue 4
methods, study of xi–xii