PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 241 Reactions in the St.state ai K ◦ φixip pst ∏k i=1 φνiinνii ( p pst ∑k i=1ni )∆ν = ∏ ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 242 gaseous phase K∗ ∗ Comments ∏k i=1 nνii ( p pst ∑k i=1ni )∆ν For a mixture of ideal ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 243 8.2.8 Reactions in the solid phase Choosing as the standard state a pure substance ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 244 8.2.9 Heterogeneous reactions In the case of heterogeneous reactions, different sta ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 245 Example The equilibrium constant of the reaction 0 =FeO(s) +CO 2 (g)−FeCO 3 (s) at ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 246 8.3 Dependence of the equilibrium constant on state variables 8.3.1 Dependence on t ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 247 we obtain lnK(T 2 ) = lnK(T 1 )− 1 R [ A ( 1 T 2 − 1 T 1 ) −∆aln T 2 T 1 − ∆b 2 (T ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 248 8.3.2 Dependence on pressure The equilibrium constants of reactions in which the s ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 249 8.4 Calculation of the equilibrium constant 8.4.1 Calculation from the equilibrium ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 250 and ∆rG◦= ∑k i=1 νiG◦m,i, (8.27) where the summation is performed over all substanc ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 251 Calculation from the GiauqueG-functions, which are usually tabulated for individua ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 252 Solution −∆rG◦= 400 (190. 079 − 1 2 205. 029 − 131 .721) + 241827 = 224164. 2 J mol ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 253 Solution If we use the subscript 3 to denote∆rGstof the reaction whose equilibrium ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 254 Solution K•=K◦ ( pst p )∆ν = 1. 794 1 √ 101. 3 = 0. 178. If we choose the standard ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 255 8.5 Le Chatelier’s principle Chemists are usually interested in what effect a chang ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 256 Example Assess the change in the extent of the reaction 0 =N 2 O 4 (g)− 2 NO 2 (g) ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 257 Obr.8.3:Change in the extent of reaction with pressure for the formation of dinitro ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 258 Note: These conclusions apply for the extent of reaction only in the case of an ide ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 259 8.6 Simultaneous reactions If several chemical reactions proceed simultaneously in ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 260 Solution Let us useξ 1 to denote the equilibrium extent of the first isomerization ...