Invest Significantly at the Maximum Point of Pessimism 193What the market hates, value investors often love. When the mar-
ket is down on a particular business, sector, or industry, the demand
from buyers is at an all - time low, leading to greatly depressed securityprices.
Key Takeaways- Buying securities during periods of pessimism is the most diffi cult
 task in investing; appropriately, it the greatest determinant of investment
 success.
- Before investors can be truly successful at investing during periods of
 maximum pessimism, they need to be wired with the characteristics of the
 value approach: patience, discipline, and risk aversion.
- The key characteristics of the value approach rely more on investors’
 temperament than on their level of intelligence.
- Pessimism leads to lower security prices, which offer investors the likeli-
 hood of fi nding more bargain investments and thus the greater chance for
 future capital gain.
- Euphoria in the stock market can be a great indicator that security
 prices are at premium valuations.
- The most valuable businesses often have stock prices that offer little or
 no value.
- Value investing has defi ned characteristics, but the approach can be
 very fl exible with respect to where value is found.
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