(^244) CHAPTER 13 Antimicrobials—Fighting Infection
- Ethambutol HCL (Myambutol) PO: 15 mg/kg as a single dose; retreatment
PO: 25 mg/kg as a single dose for 2 mo; then decrease to 15 mg/kg/d
° Pregnancy category: C; PB:10–20%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 3–4 h (8 h with renal
dysfunction)
- Pyrazinamide (Tebrazid): PO: 20–35 mg/kg/d in 3–4 divided doses; max:
3 g/d
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: 10–20%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 9.5 h—Promote fluid intake
- Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane): PO: 600 mg/d as a single dose
° Pregnancy category: C; PB 85%–90%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 3 h—monitor liver enzymes
- Streptomycin SO 4 : IM: 1 g daily or 7–15 mg/kg/d for 2–3 mo, then
2–3×wk
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: 30%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 2–3 h
Second-Line Drugs are:
- Aminosalicylate sodium, P.A.S. sodium: PO: 14–16 g/d in 2–3 divided
doses
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: 15%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 1 h—take after meals to reduce
gastric irritation
- Capreomycin (Capastat): IM: 1 g/d for 2–4 mo. Then 1 g 2–3 ×per week
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: UK; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 3–6 h—hearing loss is an adverse
reaction; patients should take pyridoxine (to avoid peripheral neuropathy)
- Cycloserine (Seromycin): PO: 200 mg q12 h for 2 wks; max: 1 g/d
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: UK; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 10 h
- Ethionamide (Treacator-SC): PO: 250 mg, q8–12h
° Pregnancy category: C; PB: UK; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 2–3h—side effects include GI dis-
comfort. Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus, alcoholism,
and hepatic disorder
- Rifabutin (Mycobutin) PO: 300 mg/d in 1 or 2 divided doses
° Pregnancy category: B; PB: 85%; t
(^1) ⁄ 2 : 16–69 h