CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse^69
Drug Description
Xanthines A class of drugs that include caffeine and are used in coffee, tea,
chocolate, and colas. These drugs affect the central nervous system
(CNS). Most frequently abused drug.
Nicotine Used in tobacco products. This drug affects the central nervous
system (CNS). One of the most frequently misused and abused
drugs.
Ethyl alcohol Used in distilled spirits and beverages. This drug affects the
central nervous system (CNS). One of the most frequently
misused and abused.
Anticholinergics A class of drugs that includes Robinal, which is referred to as
the “date rape” drug. This drug affects the central nervous system
(CNS).
Steroids A performance enhancing drug that affects the central nervous
system.
Amphetamines A class of drugs that includes dextroamphetamine, “dexies,” and
methamphetamine (commonly referred to as “speed” and “crystal
meth”). This drug affects the central nervous system (CNS).
Pentazocine Creates a morphine-like effect. Also known as Talwin. This drug
affects the central nervous system (CNS).
L-dopa Used to alleviate some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
This drug causes an alteration in feelings, thoughts, and
perceptions.
Cocaine A leading drug resulting in visits to the emergency department.
This drug can cause tachycardia (fast heart rate), increased blood
pressure, chills, fever, agitation, nervousness, confusion, inability
to remain still, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased
sweating, rapid breathing, large pupils, and advance to CNS
hemorrhage, congestive failure, convulsions, delirium, and death.
Heroin A leading drug resulting in visits to the emergency department.
Heroin is a pro-drug and is converted in the liver to morphine with
the same side effects.
Morphine A leading drug resulting in visits to the emergency department.
Morphine is an opioid narcotic analgesic. Side effects include
sedation, decreased blood pressure, increased sweating, flushed
face, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.Table 4-2. The most commonly misused and abused drugs as reported by the National
Surveillance Agency Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN).