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(^70) CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse
Drug Description
Acetaminophen Commonly known as Tylenol. A leading drug resulting in visits
to the emergency department. This medication is commonly used
in overdoses and can cause serious kidney problems and death.
Aspirin A leading drug resulting in visits to the emergency department.
Aspirin abuse can cause gastric (stomach) irritation which can
lead to ulcers and subsequent gastric hemorrhage (bleeding).
Alprazolam Known as Xanax, is an antianxiety and antipanic agent. Several
of the side effects include episodes of violent and aggressive
behavior, seizures, delirium, and other withdrawal reactions.
Marijuana/hashish These are cannabis drugs that seem to act as a CNS depressant.
The effects are mental relaxation and euphoria and decreased
inhibitions.
Diazepam Commonly known as Valium it is used for short-term relief of
anxiety symptoms. Side effects include drowsiness, fatigue, and
ataxia (muscular incoordination). Overdose can result in somno-
lence (sleepiness), confusion, diminished reflexes, and coma.
Ibuprofen This is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Side effects and overdose can result in gastrointestinal bleeding
or a metabolic acidosis.
PCP/PCP combinations PCP is a hallucinogenic drug that can cause violent and
aggressive behavior.
Lorazepam Commonly known as Ativan. This causes an alteration in
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
Benzodiazepines This medication can cause an alteration in thoughts, feelings,
and perceptions.
Amitriptyline Commonly known as Elavil. This medication is a mood elevator
and can cause an alteration in thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
Clonazepam Commonly known as Klonopin. This medication is used to
inhibit seizure activity. Side effects can be mild drowsiness,
ataxia, behavioral disturbances that are manifested as aggression,
irritability, and agitation.
d-propoxyphene Commonly known as Darvon. This is an opioid analgesic that can
cause an alteration in sensory perception which includes euphoria,
dizziness, drowsiness, hypotension, nausea, and vomiting.
Table 4-2. (continued)