CHAPTER 27 • GENITOURINARY 157Basler RSW: Skin lesions related to sports activity, in Callen JP
(ed.): Primary Care.Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 1983, p 479.
Basler RSW et al: Special skin symptoms seen in swimmers.
J Am AcadDermatol43:299, 2000.
Belongia EA et al: An outbreak of herpes gladiatorum at a high-
school wrestling camp. N Engl J Med325:906, 1991.
Bergfeld WF: Dermatologic problems in athletes, in Lombardo
JA (ed.): Primary Care, Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 1984,
p 151.
Bergfeld WF, Elston DM: Diagnosis and treatment of dermato-
logic problems in athletes, in Fu FH, Stone DA (eds.): Sports
Injuries: Mechanisms, Prevention, Treatment.Baltimore, MD,
Williams & Wilkins, 1994, p 781.
Bergfeld WF, Helm TN: Skin disorders in athletes, in Grana WA,
Kalenak A (eds.): Clinical Sports Medicine.Philadelphia, PA,
Saunders, 1991, p 100.
Bubb RG: Appendix D: Skin infections, in Halpin T (ed.): NCAA
2003: Wrestling Rules and Interpretations.USA, NCAA, 2002.
Buescher SE: Infections associated with pediatric sport participa-
tion, in Luckstead EF (ed.): Ped Clinic of North America.,
Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 2002, p 743.
Cohen PR, Eliezri YD, Silvers DN: Athlete’s nodules: Sports-
related connective tissue nevi of the collagen type (collageno-
mas). Cutis50:131, 1992.
Conklin RJ: Common cutaneous disorders in athletes. Sports
Med9:100, 1990.
Crowe MA, Sorensen GW: Dermatologic problems in athletes, in
Butcher JD, Rucker KS, (eds.): Handbook of Sports Medicine:
A Symptom-Oriented Approach, Lillegard, WA. Boston, MA,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999, chap. 27.
D’Ambrosia RA: Cold injuries encountered in a winter resort.
Cutis20:365, 1977.
Dover JS: Sports dermatology, in Fitzpatrick TB et al (eds.):
Dermatology in General Medicine. New York, NY, McGraw-
Hill, 1993, chap. 129.
Elston DM: Sports dermatology, in Freedberg IM et al (eds.):
Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine.New York,
NY, McGraw-Hill, 1999, chap. 132.
Erickson JG, von Gemmingen G R: Surfer’s nodules and compli-
cations of surfboarding. JAMA201:148, 1967.
Fisher AA: Sports related allergic dermatology. Cutis50:95, 1992.
Fitzpatrick TB et al: Color Atlas and Synopsis f Clinical
Dermatology: Common and Serious Diseases,2nd ed. New
York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 1992, p 238.
Frazier CA: Insect reactions related to sports.Cutis19:439, 1977.
Freeman MJ, Bergfeld WF: Skin diseases of football and
wrestling participants. Cutis20:333, 1977.
Freudenthal AR, Barbagallo JS: Ghost anemone dermatitis. J Am
Acad Dermatol47:722, 2002.
Freudenthal AR, Joseph PR: Seabather’s eruption. N Engl J Med
329:542, 1993.
Habif TP: Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis
and Therapy,3rd ed. St. Louis, MO, Mosby, 1996, chap. 7.
Hainer BL: Dermatophyte infections. Am Fam Physician67:101,
2003.
Hershkowitz M: Penile frostbite, an unforeseen hazard of jog-
ging. N Engl J Med292:178, 1977.
Hoeffler DF: Swimmer’s itch (cercarial dermatitis). Cutis19:461,
1977.
Houston SD, Knox JM: Skin problems related to sports and
recreational activities. Cutis19:487, 1977.
Kantor GR, Bergfeld WF: Common and uncommon dermato-
logic diseases related to sports activities, in Pandolf KB (ed.):
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. New York, NY,
Macmillan, 1988, chap. 7.
Levine N: Dermatologic aspects of sports medicine. J Am Acad
Dermatol3:415, 1980.
Levit F: Jogger’s nipples. N Engl J Med297:1127, 1977.
Lewis J et al: Exercise-induced urticaria, angioedema and ana-
phylactoid episodes. J Allergy Clin Immunol68:432, 1981.
Mikhailov P, Berova N, Andreev VC: Physical urticaria and sport.
Cutis20:381, 1977.
Pharis DB, Teller C, Wolf JE, Jr: Cutaneous manifestations of
sports participation.J Am Acad Dermatol36:448, 1997.
Rodgers P, Basler M: Treating onychomycosis. Am Fam Physi-
cian63:663, 2001.
Scher RK: Onychomycosis: therapeutic update. J Am Acad
Dermatol40:S21, 1999.
Schissel DJ, Aydelotte J, Keller R: Road rash with a rotten odor.
Mil Med164:65, 1999.
Shelly WB, Raunsley AM: Painful feet due to herniation of fat.
JAMA, 205:308, 1968.
Sosin DM et al: An outbreak of furunculosis among high school
athletes. Am J Sports Med.17:828, 1989.
Swinehart JM: Mogul skier’s palm: traumatic hypothenar ecchy-
mosis. Cutis50:117, 1992.
Tomecki KJ, Mikesell JF: Rower’s rump (letter to editor). J Am
Acad Dermatol16:890, 1987.
Wilkinson DS: Black heel: A minor hazard of sport. Cutis
20:393, 1977.
Williams MS, Batts KB: Dermatological disorders, in O’Connor
FG, Wilder RP, Nirschl R (eds.): Textbook of Running
Medicine. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 2001, chap. 21.27 GENITOURINARY
Michael W Johnson, MDEPIDEMIOLOGY- Hematuria and proteinuria are the most common uri-
nary findings in athletes. In a study of 383 runners,
17% developed hematuria and 30% developed pro-
teinuria following the completion of a marathon
regardless of gender (Boileau et al, 1980). - Acute renal failure in athletes is a rare event and is
usually associated with volume depletion, rhabdomy-
olysis, or the nephrotoxic effects of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). - Though uncommon, acute genitourinary tract
injuries occur. Contusion is the most frequent