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32 ENDOCRINE CONSIDERATIONS

William Dexter, MD

Shireen Rahman, MD

INTRODUCTION

ENDOCRINE OVERVIEW

• Endocrine and nervous system work together to regu-
  late homeostasis.


• Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the
  blood.


• Hormones alter activity of effector sites which have
  receptors for specific hormone binding.


• Plasma hormone concentration is the major determi-
  nant of the effect of the hormone.

CLASSES OF HORMONES

• Amino acid derivatives are most common.


• Steroidal derivatives of cholesterol

HORMONE–RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS

• Specificity of hormone to target tissue


• Hormone effect dependent on the following:
  a. Hormone concentration
  b.Ta rget tissue receptor site availability
  c. Affinity


• Blood hormone concentration
  a. Rate of production/secretion and clearance
  b.Plasma volume
  c. Levels of releasing or inhibiting hormones


• Receptor number
  a. Desensitization to hormone
  b.Specificity