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William B Adams, MDINTRODUCTION- Athletes as a group tend to be healthier; however, they
are still susceptible to the same hematologic diseases as
nonathletes. Symptoms from hematologic disturbances,
though, may present earlier and at lower severity, often
manifesting as impaired physical performance (Fields,
1997; Eichner and Scott, 1998). - Maximal or prolonged exertion efforts typically cause
transient changes in several hematologic indices. Regular
endurance and altitude training generally result in more
sustained alterations of hematologic parameters (Selby
and Eichner, 1994). Dietary inadequacies, not uncommon
in athletes, may cause hematologic problems because of
a deficit of calories or critical nutrients (Harris, 1995).
ANEMIA- Anemia is the reduction of total red blood cell(RBC)
volume (i.e., hematocrit(Hct)) or hemoglobin(Hgb)
concentration below normal values. Symptoms and
physical manifestations depend on decrements in
RBC volume and oxygen delivery to tissues, the rate
at which these changes occur and the cardiopul-
monary compensatory capacity (Lee, 1999b; 1999c).
a. Prevalence in US males: 6/1000 below age 45 to
18.5/1000 males age 75 and above (Little, 1999).
b. Prevalence in US women of all ages is 30/1000
(Little, 1999).
c. By reason of either excessive loss or inadequate
production of RBCs, or a combination of both
(Lee, 1999b; 1999c).
d.Athletes trying to restrict weight or follow special
diets that are deficient in iron, vitamins, or calories
may have a higher prevalence of anemia (Selby and
Eichner, 1994; Cook, 1994).
ATHLETIC PSEUDOANEMIA•Regular consistent aerobic or endurance level training
causes an increase in both red cell production and