Sports Medicine: Just the Facts

SHOULDER

• Instability brace: For glenohumeral instability. Brace
  restricts abduction and external rotation.


• Figure eight brace: For clavicular fractures or training
  and strengthening the scapular stabilizers.
  •Acromioclavicular pad and straps: For AC sprains.
  The Acromioclavicular joint is protected following
  sprains of the AC joint with a donut pad held in place
  by straps wrapped obliquely around the chest and
  around the upper arm.

ELBOW

• Collateral bracing. Double hinges prevent valgus or
  varus stress.

WRIST AND THUMB

•Wrist bracing: Wrist brace used to immobilize wrist
for wrist sprains.

• Thumb bracing: Thumb with spica brace used to
  immobilize the thumb and wrist.

BACK

• Back support: Abdominal binder to provide compres-
  sion and lumbar support.


• Soft cervical collar: Soft cervical collar used to pro-
  vide support for paraspinal muscle spasm in the
  absence of vertebral instability.


• Firm cervical collar: Firm cervical collar used to pro-
  vide support for vertebral instability.

THIGH

• Hamstring and quadriceps sleeve with hip pointer pad
  to provide protection from repeated contact.

KNEE

•Knee stabilizer:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
brace for rotational stability.

• Medial and lateral knee stabilizer: Hinge brace for
  medial and lateral collateral injury. Lateral hinge pro-
  tects medial collateral ligament(MCL); medial hinge
  protects the lateral collateral ligament(LCL). Most
  commonly used following an injury, these braces have
  also been widely used prophylactically to prevent
  injury (especially of the MCL). Current data, how-
  ever, has not definitively proven that these braces are
  effective in preventing injury (Martin, 2002).
  
  
  • Knee patellar strap: Used to provide compression to
    the patellar tendon in order to relieve symptoms of
    patellar tendonitis and patellofemoral syndrome.
  
  
  
  

ANKLE

•Walking boot: Provides immobilization for the ankle

foot and toes. It can be either locked to provide no

movement or set for different ranges of motion.

• Prophylactic ankle brace: Used either for prophylaxis
  against ankle sprains or as a substitute to ankle taping.

REFERENCES

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Athletic Training

and Sports Medicine, 2nd ed, Parkridge, IL, American

Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1991.

Martin TJ: Technical report: knee brace use in the young athlete.

Pediatrics108:503–508, 2002.

Saxelby J, Betts R, Bygrave C: Low-dye taping on the foot in the

management of plantar fasciitis. The Foot: Int. J of Clin Foot

Science 7: 205–209, 1997.

Wang QC, Johnson BA: Fingertip Injuries. Am Family Physician

63: 1961–1966, 2001.

74 PSYCHOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

IN EXERCISE AND SPORT

Nicole L Frazer, PhD

INTRODUCTION

•Regarding the psychologic health benefits of physical

activity, exercise has been shown to be an effective

intervention for depressed and anxious moods (U.S

Department of Health and Human Services, 1996).

This is an important finding considering that the point

prevalence rate for major depression ranges from 5 to

9% for women and from 2 to 3% for men, approxi-

mately 3% for generalized anxiety, and between 0.5

and 1.5% for panic disorder (APA, 2000).

1.Noteworthy is a randomized-controlled trial in

which older adult men and women, who met

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic cri-

teria for major depressive disorder, were assigned

to 16 weeks of either exercise (30 min of walking

446 SECTION 5 • PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION