Sports Medicine: Just the Facts

• Most injuries are associated with a missed vault, a fall
  from the parallel bars or horizontal bar, or a faulty dis-
  mount (Mueller and Cantu, 2000).

GENERALPREVENTIONTIPS

• Preparticipation physicals


• Qualified coaches


• Proper strength and conditioning programs


• Supervision of athletes at all times


• EMS protocols in place at all times


• Continued research concerning catastrophic injuries
  and methods to prevent these injuries

REFERENCES

Boden BP, Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE: Concussion incidence
in elite college soccer players. Am J Sports Med26:238,
1998.
Boden BP, Lin W, Young M, et al: Catastrophic injuries in
wrestlers. Am J Sports Med30:791, 2002.
Boden BP, Pasquine P, Johnson J, et al: Catastrophic injuries in
pole-vaulters. Am J Sports Med29:50–54, 2001.
Boden BP, Tacchetti R, Mueller FO: Catastrophic injuries in
baseball. Am J Sports Med32, 2004. (in press)
Boden BP, Tacchetti R, Mueller FO: Catastrophic injuries in
cheerleaders. Am J Sports Med. 31:881–888, 2003.
Coyle, JF: Thermoregulation, in Sullivan JA, Anderson SJ (eds.):
Care of the Young Athlete. American Academy of Pediatrics and
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2000, pp 65–80.
Janda DH, Bir C, Wild B, et al: Goal post injuries in soccer:
Alaboratory and field testing analysis of a preventive inter-
vention. Am J Sports Med23:340, 1995.
Janda DH, Bir CA, Viano DC, et al: Blunt chest impacts:
Assessing the relative risk of fatal cardiac injury from various
baseballs. J Trauma44:298–303, 1998.
Jarrett GJ, Orwin JF, Dick RW: Injuries in collegiate wrestling.
Am J Sports Med26:674–680, 1998.
Kiningham RB, Gorenflo DW: Weight loss methods of high
school wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc33:810–813, 2001.
Maron BJ, Poliac LC, Kaplan JA, et al: Blunt impact to the chest
leading to sudden death from cardiac arrest during sports activ-
ities. N Engl J Med333:337–342, 1995.
Mueller FO: Introduction, in Mueller FO, Cantu RC, VanCamp SP
(eds.): Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Sports.
Champaign, IL, HK Sport Science Monograph Series, 1996.
Mueller FO, Cantu RC: NCCSIR nineteenth annual report.
National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research: fall
1982–spring 2000. Chapel Hill, NC, National Center for
Sports Injury Research, 2000.
Oppliger RA, Case HS, Horswill CA, et al: American College of
Sports Medicine position statement: Weight-loss in wrestlers.
Med Sci Sports Exerc28:ix–xii, 1996.
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wrestling injuries. Am J Sports Med28:509–515, 2000.

Reid DC, Saboe L: Spine fractures in winter sports. Sports Med

7:393–399, 1989.

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DeLee JC, Drez Jr D (eds.): Orthopaedic Sports Medicine:

Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, WB, Saunders, 1994,

pp 417–462.

Torg JS, Guille JT, Jaffe S: Current concepts review: Injuries to

the cervical spine in American football players. J Bone Joint

Surg84-A:112, 2002.

http://www.aacca.org; American Association of Cheerleading Coaches

and Advisors.

http://www.cpsc.gov; United States consumer product safety commis-

sion summary reports. National Electronic Injury Surveillance

System.Washington, DC, US Consumer Product Safety Com-

mission.

http://www.ncaa.org

http://www.nfhs.org

http://www.skyjumpers.com.

7 ORTHOPEDIC SPORTS MEDICINE

TERMINOLOGY

Scott A Magnes, MD

One of the challenges facing orthopedic surgeons is the

communication barrier that exists when interacting with

others outside our specialty. Orthopedic surgery has a

vocabulary that is unique, and few health care workers

outside of the field speak this language fluently. This is

also true in our subspecialty of orthopedic sports medi-

cine. The purpose of this chapter is to attempt to make

readers more fluent in our language in order to enhance

meaningful communication.

GENERAL TERMINOLOGY

• Accessory or supernumerary bone:Develops from
  separate center of ossification from parent bone; may
  or may not obtain bony union with parent bone.


• Active motion:Range of motion(ROM) of a joint
  that a patient is able to achieve on his own.


• Active-assisted motion:ROM of a joint that a patient
  is able to achieve with the assistance of the examiner.


• Allograft:Cadaver graft.


• Anatomic Axis (of lower extremity):Angle formed
  by intersection of lines through the femoral and tibial
  shafts with patient standing. The difference between
  the mechanical and anatomic axis is usually 5 ± 2 °.

30 SECTION 1 • GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SPORTS MEDICINE