Sports Medicine: Just the Facts

CHAPTER 95 • WRESTLING 553

REFERENCES

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95 WRESTLING

Michael G Bowers, DO

Thomas M Howard, MD

INTRODUCTION

• Wrestling is a contact sporting event that matches two
  competitors against each other physically and men-
  tally. The origins of the sport date back to ancient
  Greek and Roman Times near 500 B.C.


• There are approximately 400,000 wrestlers of all ages
  in the United States. As the sport has grown in popu-
  larity and participation has increased, it has been
  noted that there are injuries and conditions that are
  unique to the sport.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Ta kedown:Points given to a wrestler when advan-
  tage is gained from a neutral position on feet. This
  may be achieved by a trip or throw. Dependent on the
  style of wrestling, higher point values may be given
  for the more skillful maneuver to achieve the take-
  down (Kelly and Suby, 2002).


• Fall:Also known as a pin. Determined by the referee
  when both shoulders are held to the mat for 1 s. The
  match is over at this time (Kelly and Suby, 2002).


• Time advantage:This is popularly called riding time.
  Time of control is recorded for both wrestlers and
  compared. A point is given to the wrestlers if their
  time is one or more minutes greater than their oppo-
  nent’s (NCAA, 2003).


• Sparring:An activity participated in when both of the
  competitors are in a neutral position on their feet.
  Usually comprises grappling and blocking in an
  attempt to achieve a takedown (Kelly and Suby,
  2002).


• Leg wrestling:Term used to describe the use of legs
  while on the mat to attempt to control an opponent
  (Kelly and Suby, 2002).


• Injury time:Amount of time allowed to a wrestler to
  attempt to recover from an illness or injury. The time
  allotted is a maximum of 90 s throughout the match.
  Additionally, a competitor may have two time-outs
  during the match to tend to injuries as long as 90 s of
  total time is not taken (NCAA, 2003).


• Blood time:Time allowed for the evaluation of a
  bleeding injury. This is different from injury time. The
  amount of time is at the referee’s discretion. Generally
  blood time has no time limit, but an excessive bleed-
  ing injury may be cause for disqualification as deter-
  mined by the referee and trainer or physician (NCAA,
  2003).

WRESTLING STYLES

• Greco Roman:A style that was developed and popu-
  larized in Europe. Upper body throws are executed
  with the goal to touch the opponent’s shoulders to the
  mat simultaneously. Points are awarded for skill of
  throws. At no time are the wrestlers allowed to use
  their own legs to gain advantage or contact their oppo-
  nent’s legs (Kelly and Suby, 2002).


• Freestyle: Used worldwide and in international
  wrestling meets. A style of wrestling that combines
  the use of the upper body and legs to execute maneu-
  vers. Points are awarded for exposure of opponent’s
  back to the mat, takedowns, and reversals. Execution