1.6 Theory of Strong Interactions.
confines quarks inside hadrons, in the nucleon level, stronginteraction bounds nucleons in-
side atoms, and in the atom and molecule level, strong interaction almost diminishes. This
layered phenomena can be well-explained using the unified field theory based on PID and
PRI.
One key ingredient is total interaction as the consequence of PRI addressed above. For
the strong interaction, in view of (1.3.10), the total strong interaction potential is defined by
δk^2 Skνon the right hand side of (1.6.1):
(1.6.3) Sμ
def
=δk^2 Skμ= (S 0 ,S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 ), Φ
def
=S 0.
The temporal componentS 0 , denoted byΦ, gives rise to the strong force between two ele-
mentary particles carrying strong charges:
(1.6.4) F=−gs∇Φ.
From the field equations (1.6.1) and (1.6.2), we derive in Section4.5.2that for a particle
withNstrong charges and radiusρ, its strong interaction potential are given by (4.5.39) and
recast here convenience:
(1.6.5)
Φ=gs(ρ)[
1
r−
A
ρ( 1 +kr)e−kr]
,
gs(ρ) =N(
ρw
ρ) 3
gs,wheregsis the strong charge ofw∗-weakton, theρwis the radius of thew∗-weakton,Ais a
dimensionless constant depending on the particle, and 1/kis the radius of strong attraction
of particles. Phenomenologically, we can take
(1.6.6)
1
k=
10 −^18 cm forw∗−weaktons,
10 −^16 cm for quarks,
10 −^13 cm for neutreons,
10 −^7 cm for atom/molecule,4.5.2 Layered formulas of strong interaction potentials
potentialΦ 0 , the quark potentialΦq, the nucleon/hadron potentialΦnand the atom/molecule
potentialΦa.
Quark confinement
Quark confinement is a challenging problem in physics. Quarkmodel was confirmed by
many experiments. However, no any single quark is found ever. This fact suggests that the
quarks were permanently bound inside a hadron, which is called the quark confinement. Up
to now, no other theories can successfully describe the quark confinement phenomena. The
direct reason is that all current theories for interactionsfail to provide a successful strong
interaction potential to explain the various level strong interactions.