5.3. WEAKTON MODEL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 297
w w ̄
o
Figure 5.8the massless weaktons rotate at the speed of light. Hence, the composite particles formed by
the weakton pairs in (5.3.32) have no rest mass.
3.Mass generation.For the massive particles(5.3.34) e,μ,τ,u,d,s,c,t,b,
by (5.3.19), they are made up of weakton triplets with different electric charges. Hence the
weakton triplets are not arranged in an equilateral triangle as shown in Figure5.7(b), and in
fact are arranged in an irregular triangle as shown in Figure5.9. Consequently, the weakton
triplets rotate with nonzero interacting forces~F 6 =0 from the weak and electromagnetic in-
teractions. By (5.3.33), the weaktons in the triplets at a speed less than the speed of light due
to the resistance force. Thus, by the mass generating mechanism introduced in Section5.3.2,
the weaktons become massive. Hence, the particles in (5.3.34) are massive.
w 3
w 1
w 2
Figure 5.94.Massive mediators.Finally, we need to explain the masses for the massive mediators:(5.3.35) W±,Z,H±,H^0 ,
which consist of the weakton doublets
(5.3.36) w 1 w 2 ,w 1 w 2 ,w 1 w 1 ,w 2 w 2.