324 CHAPTER 5. ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
5.5.5 Mediator clouds of subatomic particles
Subatomic particles include charged leptons, quarks and hadrons. As demonstrated in (5.3.12)
and (5.3.15), strong and weak interactions consist of different layers, leading to different par-
ticle structures in various levels: weakton level (elementary particle level), mediator level,
charged lepton and quark level, and hadron level.
In this section, we address the structure of mediator cloudsfor charged leptons, quarks
and hadrons, based on the the color algebra and the layered properties of strong and weak
interactions.
Mediator clouds for charged leptons
For simplicity and due to similarities, we consider only thecase for electrons. In Section
5.4.5, we have introduced the structure of photon cloud around electrons and the mechanism
of photon radiations. Here we shall again discuss the electron structure in more details.
1.Clouds of photons andν-mediators. First, an electron consists of a naked electron
and several layers of mediator clouds. Since electron does not contain strong charges, the
mediator clouds only contain photons andν-mediators (each gluon contains 2gs). Namely
(5.5.47) mediator cloud of electron=photon layer+theν-layer.
According to the layered formulas (5.4.37) of weak forces between naked electron and
mediators, the radiusrof a mediator cloud is approximately given by
(5.5.48) r^3 ≃
ρ ̃
4 B ̃r^20 , r 0 = 10 −^16 cm,andρ ̃/B ̃depends on the type of mediators. In fact, for gluons and naked electron, the param-
eterB ̃≤0, therefore electrons have no gluon clouds.
It is reasonable to think that the parameterρ ̃/B ̃for photon andν-mediator is different
ρ ̃γ
B ̃γ6 =
̃ρν
B ̃ν.
Therefore, by (5.5.48) the radiusrγof the photon layer is different from the radiusrνof the
ν-layer, i.e.
(5.5.49) rγ 6 =rν.
Due the weak repelling forces betweenγandν, only the exterior layer of cloud can emit
mediators. Hence, the bremsstrahlung implies that the photon cloud should be in the exterior
layer. Namely (5.5.49) should be written as
(5.5.50) rγ>rν.
The relation (5.5.40) is only a theoretical consideration.
2.Particle number of each layer.Due to the weak interaction between mediators, the
mediators must maintain a distancer 0 between each other, withr 0 being approximately the