Mathematical Principles of Theoretical Physics

6.4. ENERGY LEVELS OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLES 359

1) each subatomic particle consisting of two or three weaktons or quarks bound by weak

or strong interaction, and

2) the weak and strong interaction potential formulas.

For convenience, we here briefly recall them.

1.Elementary particles.There are six pairs of elementary particles, called weaktons:

w∗,w 1 ,w 2 ,νe,νμ,ντ,

w∗,w 1 ,w 2 ,νe,νμ,ντ.

Each weakton carries one unit of weak chargegw, and bothw∗andw∗are only weaktons
carrying a strong chargegs.

2.Six classes of subatomic particles. There are six types of subatomic particles: charged
leptons, quarks, barons, mesons, intermediate bosons, mediators, whose members are listed
as follows.

1) Charged leptons:

e±,μ±,τ±.

2) Quarks:

u,d,s,c,b,t,

u,d,s,c,b,t.

3) Baryons:

p±,n,Λ,Σ±,Σ^0 ,∆++,∆±,∆^0 ,Ξ±,Ξ^0 , etc.

4) Mesons:

π±,π^0 ,K±,K^0 ,η,ρ±,ρ^0 ,K∗±,K∗^0 , etc.

5) Intermediate bosons:

W±,Z^0 ,H±,H^0.

6) Mediators:

γ,γ 0 ,gk,gk 0 ,ν.

5.1.1 Classification of particles.

1) Weakton constituents of charged leptons:

e−=νew 1 w 2 , μ−=νμw 1 w 2 , τ−=ντw 1 w 2.

e+=νew 1 w 2 , μ+=νμw 1 w 2 , τ+=ντw 1 w 2.

2) Weakton constituents of quarks:

u=w∗w 1 w 1 , c=w∗w 2 w 2 , t=w∗w 2 w 2 ,

d=w∗w 1 w 2 , s=w∗w 1 w 2 , b=w∗w 1 w 2.