Table 23.1
Strategiestaughtinproblem-solvingcourse
Problem Finding
Buglists for identifying needed innovations
Search forcounter-examples
Search foralternative interpretations
Representation
When in difficulty,examineproblemstatementtoseeifinformationhas beenproperlyextracted
When in difficulty,search fora newproblemrepresentation
Change point of view
Choose newsensorycode, e.g., imagery
Work backwards
Try hypotheticalreasoning
Try proofbycontradiction
Be active in definingill-definedproblems by
Makinggap fillingdecisons
Trying to solve the problem as a method for understanding it
Use externalrepresentations where possible
Use perspective drawing
Use matrices forkeeping track ofinformation
Use drawing to find implicit relations in the problem
Search
Brainstorm
Useheuristicsearch wherepossible
Planning
Means-End analysis
Auxiliaryproblems
Fractionation
Analogies
Decision Making
Explicit decision methods help
Satisficing
Dominance
Additiveweighting
Expected value
Signal detection model
Bayes’ Theorem
Minimax
Minimize maximumregret
Cost benefit analysis
Bargaining strategies
Schelling’s task
Memory and Learning
Useexternalmemoryaids
Mnemonics
Methodofloci
Keyword method
560 John R.Hayes