References ■^295Kieffer, T. J. The adipoinsular axis: effects of leptin on pancreatic b-cells. American
Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2000, Vol. 278: E1–E14.
Sweeney, G. High leptin levels acutely inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
without affecting glucose transporter 4 translocation in 16 rat skeletal muscle
cells. Endocrinology, 2001, Vol. 142, Iss. 11, 4806–12.
■ (^) LEPTIN AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Figlewicz, D. P. Adiposity signals and food reward: expanding the CNS roles of in-
sulin and leptin. American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory, Integrative and Com-
parative Physiology, 2003, Vol. 284, R882–R892.
■ (^) LEPTIN AND THYROID
Flier, J. S. Leptin, nutrition, and the thyroid: the why, the wherefore, and the wiring.
The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2000, Vol. 105, Iss. 7, 859.
Harris M. Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by
leptin and melanocortin signaling. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2001, Vol.
107, 111–120.
■ (^) LEPTIN AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Ducy P. The osteoblast: A sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance. Sci-
ence, 2000, Vol. 289, 1502–04.
Karsenty, G. The Central Regulation of Bone Remodeling. Trends in Endocrinology
and Metabolism, 2000, Vol. 11, Iss. 10, 437–439.
■ (^) CALCIUM AND BONE
Beckman, M. Dense matter. Science of Aging. Knowledge Environment, 2003, Vol.
48, pp. nw164.
Michaelsson, K. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to osteoporotic
fracture risk. Bone, 2002, Vol. 32, 694–703.