■ (^309)
Gymnema sylvestre and, 146–147
heart disease and, 49–50
insulin test and, 167–168
magnesium storage and, 49–50
sodium retention and, 50
vanadyl sulfate as mimic of, 146
vitamin E and, 139–140
zinc and, 144
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),
19, 50
test, 173–174
insulin resistance/insulin sensitivity,
10–11, 13–14, 17, 35, 48–49, 56,
64, 67, 68, 69, 81, 146, 161–162,
167–169
chromium picolinate and,
144–145
Gymnema sylvestre and, 146
leptin resistance and, 14, 35,
168
lipoic acid and, 141
midline adiposity and, 38–40,
90
nutritional supplements and,
134–135
obesity and, 49
phosphatidylserine and, 154
vanadyl sulfate and, 146–147
vitamin C and, 138
insulin test, 167–169
intestine, small, 152
iron, 136
irritability, thyroid and, 171
islet cells, 167
J
JAMA, 176
Jialal, Ishwarlal, 140
K
ketone, ketosis, 22L
lactose, lactose intolerance, 89
lamb, 86–87
Lancet, 138
l-arginine, 151–152, 188
l-carnitine, 151, 155
legumes, 90, 108, 113, 115
leptin, 5–8
food cravings and, 167
genetic expression and, 47–48
healthy levels of, 9, 13–14, 15–16,
18–19, 20, 21, 77, 82–83, 101,
160, 161–162
insulin’s interference with, 168
metabolism and, 171–72
stress and, 28
sweets and, 10
thyroid hormone and, 53–54
vitamin C and, 138
vitamin E and, 139–140
zinc and, 144
leptin resistance/leptin sensitivity,
10–11, 14–16, 27–30, 34, 35–37,
68, 83–84, 90, 135, 137, 161, 169
B-complex vitamins and, 142
cardiovascular disease and,
184–88
fish oils and, 148
Gymnema sylvestre and, 146–47
hyperthyroid and, 175
insulin and, 167–168
insulin resistance and, 14, 35, 168
leptin test and, 166–167GENERAL SEARCHABLE TERMS