their reports were for the imperial authorities in order to justify their rule. In
this context the institutionalization of archaeology in the colonies will be
explored, highlighting the diverse ways in which this process took place in
diVerent parts of the world. In addition, those factors which allowed the ideas
and practices produced by archaeologists from the Powers to become hege-
monic, as well as what people did to resist them, will be analysed. The chapter
willWnish with some comments on what came next in twentieth-century
archaeology.
THIS BOOK IN CONTEXT: CHALLENGES
AND INNOVATIONSThis book oVers a comprehensive history of global archaeology, that is, one
that considers all itsWelds throughout the world, during the nineteenth
century. It has not been easy to write, as it represents theWrst attempt by a
historian of archaeology to analyse the development of the archaeological
discipline as a whole. Issues range from human origins to the medieval period;
from antiquities found in China, in South Africa, in Europe, to those of
America, and the PaciWc; from research areas also covered by philologists,
historians of art and geographers to those also dealt with by physical anthro-
pologists and geologists. The sheer challenge that including all these diVerent
aspects entails may explain why it has not been attempted before. Widely used
handbooks like Daniel’sA Hundred and Fifty Years of Archaeology(1975) and
Trigger’sA History of Archaeological Thought(1989) mainly focus on prehis-
tory and to a certain extent the archaeology of the Great Civilizations, but
silence the civilizations beyond Europe, Egypt and the Near East. The century-
old Adolf MichaelisDie archa ̈ologischen Entdeckungen des 19. Jahrhunderts
(1906) (A Century of Archaeological Discoveries, 1908) limited itself to the
archaeology of the classical Great Civilizations, as did Ranuccio Bianchi
Bandinelli’sIntroduzione all’archeologia classica come storia dell’arte antica
(Introduction to classical archaeology as history of ancient art) seventy years
after. Gran Aymerich’sNaissance de l’Arche ́ologie Moderne(The Birth of
Modern Archaeology, 1998) only refers to the archaeology of France and her
empire. Many other books deal with speciWc topics within these areas, but
none oVers an inclusive view. Schnapp’sThe Discovery of the Past(1993)
provides a more global picture, but stops in the mid nineteenth century, just
before the explosion of imperialism in the 1870s which took archaeology to
every corner of the globe. While encyclopedias, such as Murray’sThe Great
Archaeologists(1999), still follow priorities established by Daniel (in the sense
An Alternative Account 23