Statistical Analysis for Education and Psychology Researchers

of reasoning ability and is often used as an indication of intelligence (IQ). The data is
shown in Table 8.4.

Table 8.4: Teacher estimate of pupil maths ability

(MATHS), standardized maths attainment

(SMATHS) and Raven score (RAVEN) for ten

pupils

ID MATHS SMATHS RAVEN

17 5 110 1

18 10 133 1

19 5 109 2

20 3 114 1

24 8 128 1

27 5 109 1

28 8 119 2

29 5 119 1

60 1 95 7

61 6 118 1

Two research questions are considered: i) Is SMATHS linearly related to MATHS? and
ii) Is RAVEN score linearly related to MATHS? To obtain a visual impression of the
strength of any linear relationships between these variables two scatterplots are produced:
a plot of MATHS vs SMATHS (plot symbol *) and a plot of MATHS vs RAVEN scores
(plot symbol #), see Figure 8.8.

Statistical analysis for education and psychology researchers 284