discrete, 95
binomial, 95
Random sample, 3–4, 8, 89, 91
and checking for normality, 150
Randomization, 3
Randomness checking for 217
checking residuals in regression, 217
(See Runs test)
Range, 68
inter quartile, 69
Ranking, 21
Reduced model in ANOVA, 316
(See Means only model)
Regression analysis and steps in performing, 258
diagnostics, 258
equation, 255
multiple, 253
population model, 256
simple linear, 253
statistic b, 266
and dummy variables, 260
Regression slope, 266
worked example, 269
Related t-test (See t-test)
worked example, 309–310
Relative frequencies, 58
Reliability, 3
coefficients, 30
test, 29
Repeated measures analysis of binary data, 199
Research process, 86
Residuals in regression, 256
Rho (population correlation), 208, 283–284
Robustness, 143
Runs test for randomness, 217
worked example, 219
Sample, 7
Sample size, 134
and statistical power, 134
Sampling error, 4
and probability, 87–88
Sampling, 4
bias, 4
distribution of a statistic, 88, 92–93
variability, 89
(See Sampling error)
Satterthwaite approximation, 297–298
Scales of measurement (interval, nominal, ordinal, ratio), 22–23
Scatter plot, 289
Sigma (Σ), 353
Index 417